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This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes a Limited Engine Monitoring System that can be used by the flight crew or the maintenance staff, or both, to monitor the health of gas turbine engines in aircraft. This AIR considers monitoring of gas path performance and mechanical parameters, and systems such as low cycle fatigue counters and engine history recorders. It also considers typical measurement system accuracies and their impact. This AIR is intended as a technical guide. It is not intended to be used as a legal document or standard. AIR 1873 supplements ARP 1587, Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Monitoring System Guide.The Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been superseded by a completely new document, ARP5120, which provides guidance on how to develop and implement an integrated end-to-end health management system for gas turbine engine applications. The original AIR1873A information was updated and transformed into ARP5120. SAE ARP5120 consolidates SAE AIR1873, 4061B, 4175A, and 5120 into one document per the direction of the SAE E32 committee.
The effectiveness of Engine Life Usage Monitoring and PartsManagement systems is largely determined by the aircraft-specificrequirements. This document addresses the following areas: safety,life-limiting criteria, life usage algorithm development, dataacquisition and management, parts life tracking, design feedback,and cost effectiveness.It primarily examines the requirements and techniques currentlyin use, and considers the potential impact of new technolog to thefollowing areas: parts classification and control requirements,failure causes of life-limited parts, engine life prediction andusage measurement techniques, method validation, parts life usagedata management, lessons learned, and life usage trackingbenefits.SAE ARP1587 provides general guidance on the designconsideration and objectives of monitoring systems for aircraft gasturbine engines. A major function of these Engine MonitoringSystems is to monitor the usage of life-limited parts in order tomaximize available life and to enhance aircraft safety.The purpose of this document is to review the current approachesto Engine Life Usage Monitoring and Parts Management. The documentalso serves to provide a summary of the many varied requirements ofaircraft turbine engine life usage monitoring and parts managementand a description of the means by which these requirements can beachieved more effectively through the use of engine monitoringsystems.This document is being cancelled because there has been no progress since 2003 and the committee has no one to lead a WG to update it. Engine OEMs and Certification Authorities are concerned it could be used to develop a new system against that would no longer meet current standards.
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides an overview of temperature measurement for engine monitoring systems in various areas of aircraft gas turbine engines while focusing on current usage and methods, systems, selection criteria, and types of hardware. This document emphasizes temperature monitoring for diagnostics and condition monitoring purposes.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is a system guide for Engine Monitoring System (EMS) definition and implementation. This keystone document addresses EMS benefits, capabilities, and requirements. It includes EMS in-flight and ground applications consisting of people, equipment, and software. It recommends EMS requirements that are a balance of selected benefits and available capabilities. This ARP purposely addresses a wide range of EMS architecture. The intent is to provide an extensive list of possible EMS design options.NOTE: aSection 3 describes an EMS. bSections 4 and 5 outline benefits and capabilities that should be considered for study purposes to define EMS baselines for how much engine monitoring is required. cSection 6 provides implementation requirements that should be considered for an EMS after study baseline levels of EMS complexity are selected.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information and guidance for the selection and use of technologies and methods for lubrication system monitoring of gas turbine aircraft engines. This AIR describes technologies and methods covering oil system performance monitoring, oil debris monitoring, and oil condition monitoring. Both on-aircraft and off-aircraft applications are presented. A higher-level view of lubrication system monitoring as part of an overall engine monitoring system (EMS), is discussed in ARP1587.The scope of this document is limited to those lubrication system monitoring, inspection and analysis methods and devices that can be considered appropriate for health monitoring and routine maintenance.This AIR is intended to be used as a technical guide. It is not intended to be used as a legal document or standard. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) was developed to provide information and guidance for the selection and use of technologies and methods for lubrication system monitoring of gas turbine aircraft engines. Benefits of effective engine lubrication system monitoring include increased reliability, reduced cost of ownership, improved product assurance, and enhanced safety of the equipment. The guidance within this report will support developers, operators, and maintainers to improve the effectiveness of lubrication system monitoring in existing and future applications. This edition updates content, formatting, and incorporates new content on oil quality monitoring and off-aircraft oil debris monitoring.
COURSE OVERVIEW: Fulfilling the Army's need for engines of simple design that are easy to operate and maintain, the gas turbine engine is used in all helicopters of Active Army and Reserve Components, and most of the fixed-wing aircraft to include the Light Air Cushioned Vehicle (LACV). We designed this subcourse to teach you theory and principles of the gas turbine engine and some of the basic army aircraft gas turbine engines used in our aircraft today. CHAPTERS OVERVIEW Gas turbine engines can be classified according to the type of compressor used, the path the air takes through the engine, and how the power produced is extracted or used. The chapter is limited to the fundamental concepts of the three major classes of turbine engines, each having the same principles of operation. Chapter 1 is divided into three sections; the first discusses the theory of turbine engines. The second section deals with principles of operation, and section III covers the major engine sections and their description. CHAPTER 2 introduces the fundamental systems and accessories of the gas turbine engine. Each one of these systems must be present to have an operating turbine engine. Section I describes the fuel system and related components that are necessary for proper fuel metering to the engine. The information in CHAPTER 3 is important to you because of its general applicability to gas turbine engines. The information covers the procedures used in testing, inspecting, maintaining, and storing gas turbine engines. Specific procedures used for a particular engine must be those given in the technical manual (TM) covering that engine The two sections of CHAPTER 4 discuss, in detail, the Lycoming T53 series gas turbine engine used in Army aircraft. Section I gives a general description of the T53, describes the engine's five sections, explains engine operation, compares models and specifications, and describes the engine's airflow path. The second section covers major engine assemblies and systems. CHAPTER 5 covers the Lycoming T55 gas turbine engine. Section I gives an operational description of the T55, covering the engine's five sections. Section II covers in detail each of the engine's sections and major systems. The SOLAR T62 auxiliary power unit (APU) is used in place of ground support equipment to start some helicopter engines. It is also used to operate the helicopter hydraulic and electrical systems when this aircraft is on the ground, to check their performance. The T62 is a component of both the CH- 47 and CH-54 helicopters -- part of them, not separate like the ground-support-equipment APU's. On the CH-54, the component is called the auxiliary powerplant rather than the auxiliary power unit, as it is on the CH-47. The two T62's differ slightly. CHAPTER 6 describes the T62 APU; explains its operation; discusses the reduction drive, accessory drive, combustion, and turbine assemblies; and describes the fuel, lubrication, and electrical systems. CHAPTER 7 describes the T63 series turboshaft engine, which is manufactured by the Allison Division of General Motors Corporation. The T63-A-5A is used to power the OH-6A, and the T63-A-700 is in the OH-58A light observation helicopter. Although the engine dash numbers are not the same for each of these, the engines are basically the same. As shown in figure 7.1, the engine consists of four major components: the compressor, accessory gearbox, combustor, and turbine sections. This chapter explains the major sections and related systems. The Pratt and Whitney T73-P-1 and T73-P-700 are the most powerful engines used in Army aircraft. Two of these engines are used to power the CH-54 flying crane helicopter. The T73 design differs in two ways from any of the engines covered previously. The airflow is axial through the engine; it does not make any reversing turns as the airflow of the previous engines did, and the power output shaft extends from the exhaust end. CHAPTER 8 describes and discusses the engine sections and systems. Constant reference to the illustrations in this chapter will help you understand the discussion. TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 Theory and Principles of Gas Turbine Engines - 2 Major Engine Sections - 3 Systems and Accessories - 4 Testing, Inspection, Maintenance, and Storage Procedures - 5 Lycoming T53 - 6 Lycoming T55 - 7 Solar T62 Auxiliary Power Unit - 8 Allison T62, Pratt & Whitney T73 and T74, and the General Electric T700 - Examination. I
Overview of engine control systems -- Engine modeling and simulation -- Model reduction and dynamic analysis -- Design of set-point controllers -- Design of transient and limit controllers -- Control system integration -- Advanced control concepts -- Engine monitoring and health management -- Integrated control and health monitoring -- Appendix A. Fundamentals of automatic control systems -- Appendix B. Gas turbine engine performance and operability.