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"This handbook addresses expedient construction and employing of fighting positions, shelters, obstacles, and revetments in the expeditionary environment. It is designed as a reference for deployed civil engineers. The defensive measures are primarily intended for protection against conventional weapons effects. It is applicable to active duty, Air National Guard, and Air Force Reserve engineers"--Page 1.
Force protection is a commander's top priority in any military operation. For this reason, civil engineers must always be aware of the latest tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used to protect our forces, particularly in hostile environments. Engineers implement physical security measures to protect personnel and critical assets needed to achieve military objectives. To assist in these efforts, this handbook is intended to be a reference for constructing and employing expedient fighting positions, obstacles, shelters, and revetments. It focuses primarily upon measures engineers can employ to protect airbases and mitigate the effects of direct- and indirect-fired weapons. Topics covered include: effects of weapons types, fighting positions, concealment and camouflage, bunkers, roadblocks, concertina wire, barbed wire, bollards. Direct- and indirect-fired weapons are common threats to airbases. Direct-fired weapons are projectiles designed to penetrate exterior protection. These weapons are highly accurate and capable of firing different types of projectiles including: (1) chemical or kinetic energy projectiles, (2) ball or tracer rounds, and (3) armor piercing rounds or high explosive shaped charges. Indirect-fired weapons include mortars, artillery shells, rockets, and bombs. These types of weapons are highly mobile and easily concealed. They can be fired from launchers or set on timers to allow aggressors time to escape prior to launch. Indirect-fired weapons do not require a clear line of sight to a specific target; aggressors rely on blast and fragmentation effects to damage or destroy their intended targets.
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In today's information era, the use of specific words and language can serve as powerful tools that incite violence—or sanitize and conceal the ugliness of war. This book examines the complex, "twisted" language of conflict. Why is the term "collateral damage" used when military strikes kill civilians? What is a "catastrophic success"? What is the difference between a privileged and unprivileged enemy belligerent? How does deterrence differ from detente? What does "hybrid warfare" mean, and how is it different from "asymmetric warfare"? How is shell shock different from battle fatigue and PTSD? These are only a few of the questions that Talking Conflict: The Loaded Language of Genocide, Political Violence, Terrorism, and Warfare answers in its exploration of euphemisms, "warspeak," "doublespeak," and propagandistic terms. This handbook of alphabetically listed entries is prefaced by an introductory overview that provides background information about how language is used to obfuscate or minimize descriptions of armed conflict or genocide and presents examples of the major rhetorical devices used in this subject matter. The book focuses on the "loaded" language of conflict, with many of the entries demonstrating the function of given terms as euphemisms, propaganda, or circumlocutions. Each entry is accompanied by a list of cross references and "Further Reading" suggestions that point readers to pertinent sources for further research. This book is ideal for students—especially those studying political science, international relations, and genocide—as well as general readers.