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Pattern and growth are under regulation during embryo development. First, we use multi-stage cell lineages model, which include stem cell and multiple progenitor cell stages, to study how feedback regulation from different growth controls homeostasis of tissue growth and generation of a robust spatial stratification. ODE and PDE models have been presented for the multi-stage cell lineages. Our analysis shows how negative feedbacks enhance the stability of steady states and inter-regulation among different growth factors are responsible for developing spatial stratification. We also showed that the feedback on cell cycle from the growth factor is important for forming temporary "stem cell niche" during the development of the tissue. Second, we use the system of morphogen-mediated patterning for studying how pattern formation is robust to the environmental noises and perturbations. Morphogens are important signaling molecules governing the pattern formation of multicellular organisms during embryo development. Studies have showed that morphogen-mediated patterning is robust to the environmental noises and perturbations. We build up mathematical methods to quantify the effect of the fluctuations in morphogen production and the stochasticity of binding events. Analytic and computational analyses suggest that achieving robust and precise morphogen gradients must perform with different tradeoffs and presence of non-receptor with downregulation of receptor synthesis is able to overcome specific kinds of tradeoff. Third, we propose an efficient steady state solver for searching patterns generated by reaction-diffusion systems within large parameter searching spaces. Rapid and robust way for searching patterns can improve the efficiency of computational studies for some biological systems. Temporal schemes usually are slow due to constraints on the time steps. Newton's method converges to the steady state rapidly but it does not guarantee that it converges to inhomogeneous steady state patterns. We develop a numerical method called adaptive implicit Euler method with inexact solver (AIIE) that combines the advantages of temporal scheme and Newton's method. By comparing with different methods, our method is showed to be a robust and efficient tool for searching inhomogeneous steady state patterns.
Gradients and Tissue Patterning, Volume 137 in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.
Signalling by morphogens such as the Hedgehog family, Notch, Wingless/Wnt and various growth factors is essential during embryogenesis. The establishment of concentration gradients of these morphogens plays a key role during developmental patterning in all multicellular organisms, assuring that distinct cell/tissue types and organs appear at the right place in the right time during embryogenesis. Regulation of morphogen synthesis, trafficking and diffusion are all known to play a part in setting up these gradients, and a complex web of signaling mechanisms ensures that specific responses occur at the correct threshold concentration in the recipient cells whose fate depends on these morphogens.
This book discusses the mathematical simulation of biological systems, with a focus on the modeling of gene expression, gene regulatory networks and stem cell regeneration. The diffusion of morphogens is addressed by introducing various reaction-diffusion equations based on different hypotheses concerning the process of morphogen gradient formation. The robustness of steady-state gradients is also covered through boundary value problems. The introduction gives an overview of the relevant biological concepts (cells, DNA, organism development) and provides the requisite mathematical preliminaries on continuous dynamics and stochastic modeling. A basic understanding of calculus is assumed. The techniques described in this book encompass a wide range of mechanisms, from molecular behavior to population dynamics, and the inclusion of recent developments in the literature together with first-hand results make it an ideal reference for both new students and experienced researchers in the field of systems biology and applied mathematics.
Conceived for both computer scientists and biologists alike, this collection of 22 essays highlights the important new role that computers play in developmental biology research. Essays show how through computer modeling, researchers gain further insight into developmental processes. Featured essays also cover their use in designing computer algorithms to tackle computer science problems in areas like neural network design, robot control, evolvable hardware, and more. Peter Bentley, noted for his prolific research on evolutionary computation, and Sanjeev Kumar head up a respected team to guide readers through these very complex and fascinating disciplines. * Covers both developmental biology and computational development -- the only book of its kind! * Provides introductory material and more detailed information on BOTH disciplines * Includes contribututions from Richard Dawkins, Lewis Wolpert, Ian Stewart, and many other experts
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian brain development remains limited. However, the last few years have wit nessed a quantum leap in our knowledge, due to technological improve ments, particularly in molecular genetics. Despite this progress, the available body of data remains mostly phenomenological and reveals very little about the grammar that organizes the molecular dictionary to articulate a pheno type. Nevertheless, the recent progress in genetics will allow us to contem plate, for the first time, the integration of observation into a coherent view of brain development. Clearly, this may be a major challenge for the next century, and arguably is the most important task of contemporary develop mental biology. The purpose of the present book is to provide an overview that syn thesizes up-to-date information on selected aspects of mouse brain devel opment. Given the format, it was not possible to cover all aspects of brain development, and many important subjects are missing. The selected themes are, to a certain extent, subjective and reflect the interests of the contributing authors. Examples of major themes that are not covered are peripheral nervous system development, including myelination, the development of the hippocampus and several other CNS structures, as well as the developmental function of some important morphoregulatory molecules.
New edition of a text in which six researchers from leading institutions discuss what is known and what is yet to be understood in the field of cell biology. The material on molecular genetics has been revised and expanded so that it can be used as a stand-alone text. A new chapter covers pathogens, infection, and innate immunity. Topics include introduction to the cell, basic genetic mechanisms, methods, internal organization of the cell, and cells in their social context. The book contains color illustrations and charts; and the included CD-ROM contains dozens of video clips, animations, molecular structures, and high-resolution micrographs. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Developmental biology is at the core of all biology. This text emphasises the principles and key developments in order to provide an approach and style that will appeal to students at all levels.
Recent breakthroughs in the field of cell growth, particularly in the control of cell size, are reviewed by experts in the three major divisions of the field: growth of individual cells, growth of organs, and regulation of cell growth in the contexts of development and cell division. This book is an introductory overview of the field and should be adaptable as a textbook.