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Text extracted from opening pages of book: GROVER CLEVELAND THE MAN AND THE STATESMAN An Authorized Biography BY ROBERT MCELROY, PH. D., LL. D., F. R. H. S. EDWARDS PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY VOLUME II HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND LONDON MCMXXIII CONTENTS VOLUME II CKAWtt I. THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN- HE REPEAL OF THE SHERMAN LAW i II. BLOCKING MANIFEST DESTINY IN HAWAII ... 45 III. BREAKING THE ENDLESS CHAIN- THE FOUR BOND ISSUES 74 IV. THE WILSON-GORMAN TARIFF 107 V. THE PULLMAN STRIKE OF 1894 138 VI, THE VENEZUELAN AFFAIR 173 VII. THE WARWICK OF 1896 203 VIII. THE FOUR LEAN MONTHS 238 IX. RETIRES TO PRINCETON 256 X. WATCHING THE GAME FROM THE SIDE LINES . . .271 XI. THE TURN OF THE TIDE 301 XII. THE ELECTION OF 1904 321 XIII. REORGANIZING THE EQUITABLE 350 XIV. SUNSET DAYS 365 INDEX 417 GROVER CLEVELAND THE MAN AND THE STATESMAN GROVER CLEVELAND CHAPTER I THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN THE REPEAL OF THE SHERMAN LAW Patriotism is no substitute for a sound currency GROVER CLEVELAND. THE election of November, 1892, placed Grover Cleveland in a position unique in American his tory. He was the only President ever re-elected after a defeat. Furthermore, he was the first President-elect since 1840 who was manifestly a greater political figure than any man whom he could conceivably select for his Cabinet Harrison and Tyler had been outclassed by many leaders in their own party. James K. Polk had his Wil liam L. Marcy, his Robert J. Walker, his George Ban croft; Zachary Taylor, his John M. Clayton, Reverdy Johnson, and Thomas Ewing; Franklin Pierce, to his own generation, looked small beside Marcy, Guthrie, and Caleb Gushing; and James Buchanan was clearlyeclipsed by Lewis Cass. Lincoln started his presidential career with both Seward and Chase to overshadow him. Andrew Johnson was outclassed in the public mind by most of the Cabinet which he inherited from Lincoln. Grant, though eminent as a soldier, was politically of small stature beside Elihu Washburn or Hamilton Fish. Hayes was dwarfed by Evarts, Sherman, and Carl 2 GROVER CLEVELAND Schurz. Elaine, as Secretary of State, completely over topped both Garfield and Arthur, while Cleveland him self in 1884 was far less eminent than either Tilden or Thomas F. Bayard. But with Grover Cleveland's resto ration, the older and better tradition was resumed, for, with the single exception of Monroe's first term, every administration down to that of William Henry Harri son had begun with a President more eminent than any of his advisers. In addition to this personal prestige, Mr. Cleveland returned to power with the added advantage of being the first President since Pierce whose party was in a posi tion to control both Senate and Congress. During his first term Congress had been Democratic; but the Re publicans had controlled the Senate, and from that strong hold had wrought havoc upon many of his cherished plans. Now, however, for a brief but satisfying period, he found himself riding the crest of the wave, his tri umphant party eagerly hailing him chief, and even the Republicans admitting that he had qualities. In the House of Representatives he was entitled to expect the support of two hundred and nineteen out of a membership of three hundred and fifty-five, with one seat vacant. Out of a Senate of eighty-eight the Demo crats numbered forty-four, while the three seats yet to be filled gavethem hope of a majority, especially as the five Populist Senators might reasonably be expected to train with them. To all appearances, therefore, Mr. Cleveland could count upon the support of both Houses, and but for the break in his own party when the testing time came, he might have commanded the storm for many a day. When ready to choose his Cabinet, Mr. Cleveland felt it wise to select new men who would bring new points THE FIRST BATTLE WITH BRYAN 3 of view and new suggestions to bear upon the problems confronting the country. And so, while freely seeking the p
A biography of the only president to be elected to non-consecutive terms reveals a tough, honest, courageous leader who took responsibility for his actions and wasn't afraid to take on corruption where he saw it.
Presidential historian Graff revives Grover Cleveland's fame in this fresh look at the only president to serve nonconsecutive terms.
The Statesman as Thinker addresses the role of the thoughtful statesman in sustaining free and lawful political communities. It aims to restore fundamental distinctions--between the noble statesman, the run-of-the mill politician, and the despot who subverts freedom and civilization--that have largely been lost in contemporary political thought and discourse. Reducing politics to the mere "struggle for power," to a barely concealed cynicism and nihilism, tells us little about the true nature of political life. This book provides thoughtful and elegant portraits of, and reflections on, a series of statesmen who struggled to preserve civilized freedom during times of crisis: Solon overcoming insidious class conflict in ancient Athens; Cicero using all the powers of rhetoric and statesmanship to preserve republican liberty in Rome against Caesar's encroaching despotism; Burke defending ordered liberty against Jacobin tyranny and ideological fanaticism in revolutionary France; Lincoln preserving the American republic and putting an end to the evil of chattel slavery; Churchill eloquently defending liberty and law and opposing Nazi and Communist despotism with all his might; de Gaulle defending the honor of France during World War II; Havel fighting Communist totalitarianism through artful and courageous dissidence before 1989, and then leading the Czech Republic with dignity and grace until his retirement in 2005. There are also collateral treatments of Washington, Pyotr Stolypin (the last great leader of Russia before the revolutions of 1917), Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, and Nelson Mandela. This book explores the writing and rhetoric of statesman who were also political thinkers of the first order--particularly Cicero, Burke, Lincoln, Churchill, de Gaulle, and Havel. It attempts to make sense of the mixture of magnanimity (greatness of soul, as Aristotle called it) and moderation or self-restraint that defines the statesman as thinker at his or her best. That admirable mixture of greatness, courage, and moderation owes much to classical and Christian wisdom and to the noble desire to protect the inheritance of civilization against rapacious and destructive despotic regimes and ideologies.
The first major biography of America’s twenty-eighth president in nearly two decades, from one of America’s foremost Woodrow Wilson scholars. A Democrat who reclaimed the White House after sixteen years of Republican administrations, Wilson was a transformative president—he helped create the regulatory bodies and legislation that prefigured FDR’s New Deal and would prove central to governance through the early twenty-first century, including the Federal Reserve system and the Clayton Antitrust Act; he guided the nation through World War I; and, although his advocacy in favor of joining the League of Nations proved unsuccessful, he nonetheless established a new way of thinking about international relations that would carry America into the United Nations era. Yet Wilson also steadfastly resisted progress for civil rights, while his attorney general launched an aggressive attack on civil liberties. Even as he reminds us of the foundational scope of Wilson’s domestic policy achievements, John Milton Cooper, Jr., reshapes our understanding of the man himself: his Wilson is warm and gracious—not at all the dour puritan of popular imagination. As the president of Princeton, his encounters with the often rancorous battles of academe prepared him for state and national politics. Just two years after he was elected governor of New Jersey, Wilson, now a leader in the progressive movement, won the Democratic presidential nomination and went on to defeat Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft in one of the twentieth century’s most memorable presidential elections. Ever the professor, Wilson relied on the strength of his intellectual convictions and the power of reason to win over the American people. John Milton Cooper, Jr., gives us a vigorous, lasting record of Wilson’s life and achievements. This is a long overdue, revelatory portrait of one of our most important presidents—particularly resonant now, as another president seeks to change the way government relates to the people and regulates the economy.
A captivating look at how Abraham Lincoln evolved into one of our seminal foreign-policy presidents—and helped point the way to America’s rise to world power. Abraham Lincoln is not often remembered as a great foreign-policy president. He had never traveled overseas and spoke no foreign languages. And yet, during the Civil War, Lincoln and his team skillfully managed to stare down the Continent’s great powers—deftly avoiding European intervention on the side of the Confederacy. In the process, the United States emerged as a world power in its own right. Engaging, insightful, and highly original, Lincoln in the World is a tale set at the intersection of personal character and national power. Focusing on five distinct, intensely human conflicts that helped define Lincoln’s approach to foreign affairs—from his debate, as a young congressman, with his law partner over the conduct of the Mexican War, to his deadlock with Napoleon III over the French occupation of Mexico—and bursting with colorful characters like Lincoln’s bowie-knife-wielding minister to Russia, Cassius Marcellus Clay; the cunning French empress, Eugénie; and the hapless Mexican monarch Maximilian, Lincoln in the World draws a finely wrought portrait of a president and his team at the dawn of American power. Anchored by meticulous research into overlooked archives, Lincoln in the World reveals the sixteenth president to be one of America’s indispensable diplomats—and a key architect of America’s emergence as a global superpower. Much has been written about how Lincoln saved the Union, but Lincoln in the World highlights the lesser-known—yet equally vital—role he played on the world stage during those tumultuous years of war and division.