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Chemists are used to the operational definition of symmetry, which crystallographers introduced long before the advent of quantum mechanics. The ball-and-stick models of molecules naturally exhibit the symmetrical properties of macroscopic objects. However, the practitioner of quantum chemistry and molecular modeling is not concerned with balls and sticks, but with subatomic particles: nuclei and electrons. This textbook introduces the subtle metaphors which relate our macroscopic understanding of symmetry to the molecular world. It gradually explains how bodily rotations and reflections, which leave all inter-particle distances unaltered, affect the study of molecular phenomena that depend only on these internal distances. It helps readers to acquire the skills to make use of the mathematical tools of group theory for whatever chemical problems they are confronted with in the course of their own research.
This book provides a rigorous account on the fundamentals and applications of Group Theory to chemical physics.
The basics of group theory and its applications to themes such as the analysis of vibrational spectra and molecular orbital theory are essential knowledge for the undergraduate student of inorganic chemistry. The second edition of Group Theory for Chemists uses diagrams and problem-solving to help students test and improve their understanding, including a new section on the application of group theory to electronic spectroscopy.Part one covers the essentials of symmetry and group theory, including symmetry, point groups and representations. Part two deals with the application of group theory to vibrational spectroscopy, with chapters covering topics such as reducible representations and techniques of vibrational spectroscopy. In part three, group theory as applied to structure and bonding is considered, with chapters on the fundamentals of molecular orbital theory, octahedral complexes and ferrocene among other topics. Additionally in the second edition, part four focuses on the application of group theory to electronic spectroscopy, covering symmetry and selection rules, terms and configurations and d-d spectra.Drawing on the author's extensive experience teaching group theory to undergraduates, Group Theory for Chemists provides a focused and comprehensive study of group theory and its applications which is invaluable to the student of chemistry as well as those in related fields seeking an introduction to the topic. - Provides a focused and comprehensive study of group theory and its applications, an invaluable resource to students of chemistry as well as those in related fields seeking an introduction to the topic - Presents diagrams and problem-solving exercises to help students improve their understanding, including a new section on the application of group theory to electronic spectroscopy - Reviews the essentials of symmetry and group theory, including symmetry, point groups and representations and the application of group theory to vibrational spectroscopy
This substantially revised and expanded new edition of the bestselling textbook, addresses the difficulties that can arise with the mathematics that underpins the study of symmetry, and acknowledges that group theory can be a complex concept for students to grasp. Written in a clear, concise manner, the author introduces a series of programmes that help students learn at their own pace and enable to them understand the subject fully. Readers are taken through a series of carefully constructed exercises, designed to simplify the mathematics and give them a full understanding of how this relates to the chemistry. This second edition contains a new chapter on the projection operator method. This is used to calculate the form of the normal modes of vibration of a molecule and the normalised wave functions of hybrid orbitals or molecular orbitals. The features of this book include: * A concise, gentle introduction to symmetry and group theory * Takes a programmed learning approach * New material on projection operators, and the calcultaion of normal modes of vibration and normalised wave functions of orbitals This book is suitable for all students of chemistry taking a first course in symmetry and group theory.
As the structure and behavior of molecules and crystals depend on their different symmetries, group theory becomes an essential tool in many important areas of chemistry. It is a quite powerful theoretical tool to predict many basic as well as some characteristic properties of molecules. Whereas quantum mechanics provide solutions of some chemical problems on the basis of complicated mathematics, group theory puts forward these solutions in a very simplified and fascinating manner. Group theory has been successfully applied to many chemical problems. Students and teachers of chemical sciences have an invisible fear from this subject due to the difficulty with the mathematical jugglery. An active sixth dimension is required to understand the concept as well as to apply it to solve the problems of chemistry. This book avoids mathematical complications and presents group theory so that it is accessible to students as well as faculty and researchers. Chemical Applications of Symmetry and Group Theory discusses different applications to chemical problems with suitable examples. The book develops the concept of symmetry and group theory, representation of group, its applications to I.R. and Raman spectroscopy, U.V spectroscopy, bonding theories like molecular orbital theory, ligand field theory, hybridization, and more. Figures are included so that reader can visualize the symmetry, symmetry elements, and operations.
A comprehensive discussion of group theory in the context of molecular and crystal symmetry, this book covers both point-group and space-group symmetries. - Provides a comprehensive discussion of group theory in the context of molecular and crystal symmetry - Covers both point-group and space-group symmetries - Includes tutorial solutions
This handbook on group theory is geared toward chemists and experimental physicists who use spectroscopy and require knowledge of the electronic structures of the materials they investigate. Accessible to undergraduate students, it takes an elementary approach to many of the key concepts. Rather than the deductive method common to books on mathematics and theoretical physics, the present volume introduces fundamental concepts with simple examples, relating them to specific chemical and physical problems. The text is centered on detailed analysis of examples. Since neither chemists nor spectroscopists require theorem proofs, very few appear here. Instead, the focus remains on the principal conclusions, their meaning, and their use. In keeping with the text's practical bias, the main results of group theory are presented in all sections as procedures, making possible their systematic and step-by-step-application. Each chapter contains problems that develop practical skill and provide a valuable supplement to the text.
An applications-oriented approach gives graduate students and researchers in the physical sciences the tools needed to analyze any physical system.
This book, divided into two parts, now in its second edition, presents the basic principles of group theory and their applications in chemical theories. While retaining the thorough coverage of the previous edition, the book in Part I, discusses the symmetry elements, point groups and construction of character tables for different point groups. In Part II, it describes the concept of hybridization to explain the shapes of molecules and analyzes the character tables to predict infrared and Raman active vibrational modes of molecules. It also brings into fore the molecular orbital theory and the techniques of group theory to interpret bonding in transition metal complexes and their electronic spectra. Finally, the book describes the crystal symmetry in detail as well as the Woodward–Hoffmann rules to determine the pathways of electrocyclic and cycloaddition reactions. NEW TO THE SECOND EDITION • New sections on Direct Product, Group–sub-group Relationships, Effect of Descent in Octahedral Symmetry on Degeneracy, Jahn–Teller Distortion, Group–sub-group Relationships and Electronic Spectra of Complexes and Influence of Coordination on the Infrared Spectra of Oxoanionic Ligands, Space Groups • Revised sections on Projection Operator, SALC Molecular Orbitals of Benzene and π-Molecular Orbitals of 1, 3-Butadiene KEY FEATURES • Provides mathematical foundations to understand group theory. • Includes several examples to illustrate applications of group theory. • Presents chapter-end exercises to help the students check their understanding of the subject matter. The book is designed for the senior undergraduate students and postgraduate students of Chemistry. It will also be of immense use to the researchers in the fields where group theory is applied.
Symmetry: An Introduction to Group Theory and its Application is an eight-chapter text that covers the fundamental bases, the development of the theoretical and experimental aspects of the group theory. Chapter 1 deals with the elementary concepts and definitions, while Chapter 2 provides the necessary theory of vector spaces. Chapters 3 and 4 are devoted to an opportunity of actually working with groups and representations until the ideas already introduced are fully assimilated. Chapter 5 looks into the more formal theory of irreducible representations, while Chapter 6 is concerned largely with quadratic forms, illustrated by applications to crystal properties and to molecular vibrations. Chapter 7 surveys the symmetry properties of functions, with special emphasis on the eigenvalue equation in quantum mechanics. Chapter 8 covers more advanced applications, including the detailed analysis of tensor properties and tensor operators. This book is of great value to mathematicians, and math teachers and students.