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In Elementary psychology the author has presented the subject in such a way that the student is able to understand the basic facts and theories in the background of real-life situations. Well before a new term or concept is introduced, the reader is prepared in advance to understand and accept it. An attempt is made in the present work to bring the topic of learning much closer to the readers life and endeavours and to integrate it with his day-to-day experiences of the world around him. In this treatment of motivation and personality, the author has drawn liberally upon his knowledge of psycho-pathology and the facts of social behaviour without which an understanding of the underlying dynamics of behaviour is not possible. An additional special feature of the book is the chapter on intelligence and aptitudes which prepares the student for a full-dress discourse on techniques of test construction at a later stage in his study of the subject.
This reissue of a classic book (the first edition of which sold 50,000 copies) explores the 'Pygmalion phenomenon', the self-fulfilling prophecy embedded in teachers' expectations.
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Even if you have no background in experimentation, this clear, straightforward book can help you design, execute, interpret, and report simple experiments in psychology. David W. Martin's unique blend of informality, humor, and solid scholarship have made this concise book a popular choice for methods courses in psychology. Doing Psychology Experiments guides you through the experimentation process in an easy-to-follow, step-by-step manner. Decision-making aspects of research are emphasized, and the logic behind research procedures is fully explained.
Originally issued in 1954 and updated in 1961 and 1987, this pioneering study of "small group" conflict and cooperation has long been out-of-print. It is now available, in cloth and paper, with a new introduction by Donald Campbell, and a new postscript by O.J. Harvey. In this famous experiment, one of the earliest in inter-group relationships, two dozen twelve-year-old boys in summer camp were formed into two groups, the Rattlers and the Eagles, and induced first to become militantly ethnocentric, then intensely cooperative. Friction and stereotyping were stimulated by a tug-of-war, by frustrations perceived to be caused by the "out" group, and by separation from the others. Harmony was stimulated by close contact between previously hostile groups and by the introduction of goals that neither group could meet alone. The experiment demonstrated that conflict and enmity between groups can be transformed into cooperation and vice versa and that circumstances, goals, and external manipulation can alter behavior. Some have seen the findings of the experiment as having implications for reduction of hostility among racial and ethnic groups and among nations, while recognizing the difficulty of control of larger groups.