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This book analyses the economic and environmental aspects of installing photovoltaic facilities for residential electricity users and determines whether the installation of photovoltaic units “behind the meter” makes sense, and if so, the best economic size to install. It explores the use of photovoltaic capacity to meet electricity requirements by generating enough for immediate use without feeding surplus electricity into the grid and without using storage. The authors illustrate this approach by examining various power photovoltaic capacities in locations such as Marseille, Madrid and Seville, which use hourly demand data provided by smart meters. They also show the possibility of developing energy self-consumption compatible with the operation of the network, making use of information from smart meters. Discussing how photovoltaic facilities are profitable from both an economic and an environmental point of view, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and private investors. It is also of interest to practitioners and academics, as the results presented are of importance for the near future.
8.1.3 Importance of Greywater Recycling -- 8.1.4 Greywater Recycling Technologies -- 8.1.5 Greywater Reuse and Regulations -- 8.1.6 Economics of Greywater Recycling -- 8.1.7 Cost Benefit Analysis -- 8.1.8 Results -- 8.1.9 Energy Use by Greywater Recycling Plants -- 8.2 Water Network Access Costs -- 8.3 Rainwater Harvesting -- 8.3.1 Rainfall in Cologne and Rainwater Storage Tank -- 8.4 Groundwater Extraction -- 8.5 Wastewater Treatment -- 8.6 Results -- 8.6.1 Water Balance in a Water Autonomous House -- 8.6.2 Economics of Water Autonomous House -- 8.6.3 Economics of Electricity and Water Autonomous House -- 8.7 Concluding Remarks -- 9 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH -- 9.1 Conclusions -- 9.2 Further Research -- References -- Schriftenreihe Erneuerbare Energien und EnergieeffizienzRenewable Energies and Energy Efficiency -- Back cover
Fundamentals of Smart Grid Systems offers an expansive introduction to the operationalization, integration, and management of smart grids—the distributed, renewable, responsive, and highly efficient power grid on the verge of radically transforming our energy system. The book reviews the design of smart grid systems, their associated technologies, and operations, helping users develop a modern foundational understanding of smart grid systems and many of their advanced implementations, where sophisticated technologies are employed. The work serves as a guidebook and primer for early career researchers, with a rich integration of current science, modern applications, and future implementations. - Presents critical enabling technologies of smart grid systems alongside relevant aspects of their design, modeling, control, and operations, accompanied by numerical examples - Discusses how to approach the integration and management of renewable energy sources in smart grid environments - Features didactic pedagogical elements, including end-of-chapter problems, supplemental slideshows, and figurative elements to clarify and explain complex concepts - Focuses on modern applications and current implementations in industry, such as power electronics for smart grids, AI and machine learning-driven modeling, advanced control strategies, and electric vehicles
"This 4th volume in the established Energy From The Desert series examines and evaluates the potential and feasibility of Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation (VLS-PV) systems, which have capacities ranging from several megawatts to gigawatts, and to develop practical project proposals toward implementing the VLS-PV systems in the future. Comprehensively analysing all major issues involved in such large scale applications, based on the latest scientific and technological developments and by means of close international co-operation with experts from different countries. From the perspective of the global energy situation, global warming, and other environmental issues, it is apparent that VLS-PV systems can: contribute substantially to global energy needs; become economically and technologically feasible soon; contribute significantly to the global environment protection; contribute significantly to socio-economic development. Energy policies around the world are gradually changing direction to focus less on nuclear energy with the expectation to turn to denuclearization entirely with the negative impacts of nuclear energy, while in parallel the importance of and expectations for renewable energy technologies are increasing drastically as possible energy infrastructure, as well as environmental friendly technology. This book recognises that very large scale solar electricity generation provides economic, social and environmental benefits, security of electricity supply and fair access to affordable and sustainable energy solutions and that VLS-PV systems must be one of the promising options for large-scale deployment of PV systems and renewable energy technologies"--
Innovation and Disruption at the Grid's Edge examines the viable developments in peer-to-peer transactions enabled by open platforms on the grid's edge. With consumers and prosumers using more electronic platforms to trade surplus electricity from rooftop solar panels, share a storage battery, or use smart gadgets that manage load and self-generation, the grid's edge is becoming crowded. The book examines the growing number of consumers engaging in self-generation and storage, and analyzes the underlying causes and drivers of change, as well as the implications of how the utility sector—particularly the distribution network—should/could be regulated. The book also explores how tariffs are set and revenues are collected to cover both fixed and variable costs in a sustainable way. This reference is useful for anyone interested in the areas of energy generation and regulation, especially stakeholders engaged in the generation, transmission, and distribution of power. - Examines the new players that will disrupt the energy grid markets - Offers unique coverage of an emerging and unpublished topic - Helps the reader understand up-to-date energy regulations and pricing innovations
This book focuses on sustainable energy systems. While several innovative and alternative concepts are presented, the topics of energy policy, life cycle assessment, thermal energy, and renewable energy also play a major role. Models on various temporal and geographical scales are developed to understand the conditions of technical as well as organizational change. New methods of modeling, which can fulfil technical and physical boundary conditions and nevertheless consider economic environmental and social aspects, are also developed.
The book comes in three parts: "The Rising Sun in a Developing World", "Solar Power for the World" and "PV Today and Forever". It provides a historical summary and gives a comprehensive overview of the present photovoltaic (PV) situation worldwide and future strategies for development and implementation. The author is a world leader in PV and all renewable energies.The book is illustrated with about 100 pictures.
Renewable energy has been considered as an effective way to deal with challenges caused by energy security and climate change. In the past decades, the share of renewable energy in the energy mix has been increasing with a proportion of around 25% globally benefitting from the steady maturity of economical, technological and political issues. However, the gap between expectations of fast, renewables-driven energy transitions and the reality of today’s energy systems which rely heavily on fossil fuels remains stubbornly large. The development of renewable energy still faces uncertainties, among them are cost changes driven by the potential technology breakthroughs, renewable power market-oriented progress, and various challenges related to grid interconnection of such intermittent renewable energy resources, and some other factors. Many countries and regions have issued their plans in boosting the development of renewable power. However, not one renewable power exploitation plan is acceptable universally due to the varied developing level of economies and societies. It is of great significance to explore the economic, technological, and political influences of related factors in achieving the development target for renewable energy.
Solar energy is free, abundant and sustainable, with many methods existing to harness it. This guide is the essential introduction to the subject, explaining how the technologies work, how best they should be employed, and the costs and benefits of using them. It provides detailed yet accessible coverage of: passive solar building solar water heating solar space heating other solar thermal applications (such as cooling and desalination) grid-connected photovoltaics stand-alone photovoltaics. It also introduces the reader to larger scale applications such as concentrating solar power. Highly illustrated in full colour, this is the perfect primer for anyone who wants to work with or simply learn more about solar technologies.
Our planetary limits demand a radical transition from the energy-intensive economic model based on the extraction of finite resources, which has been dominant since the first industrial revolution, to a model that is both sustainable and equitable. Unfortunately however, energy transformation in Europe has, after a promising start, fallen hostage to austerity and to the main philosophy underpinning the crisis management policies in which overall competitiveness is reduced to the much narrower concept of cost-competitiveness. Regulatory uncertainty, design failures built into incentive systems, and unjust distribution of the costs, have also contributed to the reversal of progress in energy transformation currently observable across Europe. In this book three country case studies highlight the different facets of these conflicts, while additional light is thrown on the situation by an account of the lack of progress in achieving energy efficiency. By way of conclusion, a mapping of the main conflicts and obstacles to progress will be of help in formulating policy recommendations. Ambitious climate and energy policy targets should be regarded not as a burden on the economy but rather as investment targets able to pave the way to higher employment and sustainable growth. It is high time for this perception to be recognised and implemented in the context of Europe’s new Investment Plan, thereby enabling clean energy investment to come to form its central pillar. A shift in this direction will require an overhaul of the regulatory and incentive systems to ensure that the need for just burden-sharing is adequately taken into account.