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Greenhouses and shelter structures for tropical regions is a manual in the series of technical papers prepared by the FAO Horticultural Crops Group, Crop and Grassland Service, Plant Protection Division. The text provides technical guidelines for the design and construction of simple and low-cost shelter structures in the tropics and also reviews the cultivation practices to be applied for sustainable and intensified crop management under these greenhouses structures. There is a range of possibilities depending on the crop requirements, the specific climate conditions of the area, marketing considerations and financial parameters. Detailed technical specifications are given, including drawings, illustrations and diagrams of various construction types. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Climates of tropical regions; Climatic elements, Solar radiation, Temperature, Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, Storms, Classification of climates, Equatorial zone, Sub-tropical(C), Dry climates (B), Highlands; Chapter 3: Problems and Possibilities for vegetable production; Chapter 4: Construction and covering material; Requirements, Ar: Tropical wet climates, Aw: Tropical wet and dry climates, Cf: Sub-tropical humid, Dry climates, Tropical highlands, Cs: Sub-tropical dry summer/ mediterranean, Constructions, Design criteria, Greenhouse constructions, Materials for greenhouses construction, Constructions for tropical wet (Ar) and tropical wet and dry (Aw) climates, Constructions for sub-tropical (Cf) climates and higlands (H), Shade houses, Covering materials, fastening and stretching of covering materials, Windbreaks; Chapter 5: Ventilation and cooling; Ventilation, Cooling, Pad efficiency, Pad material and pad thickness, Pad area and fan-to-pad distance, Pad location, Fans, Operation of fan and pad systems, Air-flow rate, Water-flow rate; Chapter 6: Crop-water requirements and rainwater storage; Crop-water requirements, Calculation of storage volume, Design of storage volume, Design of storage basins, Earth basin, Earth basin with plastic films, Earth basin with lining of concrete blocks and plastic film, Concrete basin.
Crop production in greenhouses is a growing industry, especially in mild climates, and is very important for the population as a source of income and clean, fresh food. Greenhouses create optimal climate conditions for crop growth and protect crops from outside pests. At the same time greenhouse production increases water use efficiency and makes integrated production and protection (IPP) possible. This book provides technical instructions for practice (what to do and what not to do) and gives answers to the question: How to produce more clean crops and better quality with less water, less land and less pesticide. Suitable greenhouse constructions and their design, adapted to local climates in subtropical, tropical and arid regions and infrastructure conditions are presented. The necessary climate control measures - light transmittance, ventilation, cooling, heating, and CO2 enrichment - and physical measures for pest control, as well as methods for using solar energy to desalinate salty water are described. The results of theoretical research are transferred into methods for practical use, so that readers are equipped to solve their problems in practice as well as to get stimulation for further research and development.
FAO Plant Production and Protection Papers Greenhouse crop production is an increasing trend throughout the world, with some 405 000 ha of greenhouses spread across Europe. This publication builds on know-how and experience from the South East European region to serve as a guide for trainers and a technical reference for producers and other stakeholders.
The volume presents research works on developing Artificial Intelligence based algorithms and methodologies for making social good that too to a notable one. The book discusses latest findings on efficient technological solutions of e-governance and other areas of life from the leading researchers in the field. The prime focus is on solving socio-economic technical problems using state-of-the-art research findings like fuzzy computing, evolutionary and hybrid frameworks, neuro computing, etc., along with other AI based computation platforms. The topics covered include solution frameworks using Artificial Intelligence based models in application areas like agriculture and rural development, road accident, travel and tourism, solid waste management, rural medical care, crowd sourced election monitoring system, ragging, rape and other abuses, cyber criminals and cyber bullying, disaster management, social good, etc. The book offers a valuable resource for all undergraduate, postgraduate students and researchers interested in exploring solution frameworks for social good problems using artificial intelligence.
This publication presents the proceedings of a regional technical meeting held in Budapest, Hungary from 6 to 10 March 2001. The meeting was organized and implemented by the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvasar, Hungary, in close collaboration with FAO's Seed and Plant Genetic Resources Service. In line with the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action, the meeting recognized that one of the major challenges facing most countries in the region is the need to invest significant resources in strengthening their capacity to increase the availability of good quality seed of a wider range of plant varieties. This will contribute to the maximization of both agrobiodiversity and productivity, in order to achieve national food security while reducing environmental degradation and the depletion of natural resources."
This technical paper on ornamental plant propagation in the tropics has been written to highlight the potential of tissue culture as an advanced propagation technology allowing for mass cloning of selected varieties or ecotypes. This document provides information on the state of the art of tissue culture propagation and gives technical details for propagating some 30 ornamental plant species. The aim of the paper is to enhance the technical capacity of public institutions and private entrepreneurs, thus leading to new production and market opportunities. It also aims to facilitate and encourage the use of techniques to promote ornamental plant diversity.
This publication, which was produced within the framework of the Date Production Support Programme In Namibia, updates and complements technical Information Included In earlier FAQ publications: Dates: handling, processing and packaging (1962) and Date production and protection (1982). It should serve as a reference volume for research workers and a source of much more detailed information for extension specialists, date growers and anyone Interested In the date palm Industry. The 12 chapters of the book cover the botanical and systematic description, origin, geographical distribution and nutritional value, economic importance, climatic requirements, orchard management, harvesting, and diseases and pests of date palm.