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This book provides insights into China’s energy consumption and pollution as well as its energy saving policies. It explores energy saving ways and argues for an energy consumption revolution, which includes technologies to improve transportation resource efficiency, modification of existing transportation infrastructure and structure. This book uses various analytical models to study the relationships within the transportation system. It also includes comparative analysis of China, Japan, the US and developing countries on traffic demand and transportation energy consumption. This book highlights the urgent need to review China’s current transportation policies in order to secure a breakthrough in energy saving and emissions reduction.
This book breaks new ground in the studies of green transition. It frames the ongoing transformation in terms of a "battle of modernities" with the emerging vision of ecomodernity as the final destination. It also offers a systematic exploration of the potential for extensive transformation of carbon-intensive sectors – with a focus on energy and transport – towards a low or post-carbon economy. The book does so in a comparative perspective, by pointing to a diversity of techno-economic and institutional solutions in the mature Western economies, and in the rapidly growing East and developing South. The contributors highlight a broad spectrum of available alternatives as well as illuminate conflicting interests involved. They also demonstrate how solutions to the climate challenge require parallel technological and governance innovation. The book advocates a new, overarching vision and agenda of ecomodernity – based on a synergistic paradigm-shift in industry, politics and culture – to trigger and sustain the ecological innovation necessary to tip development in a green direction. This vision cannot be monolithic; rather, it should reflect the diverse interests and conditions of the global population. This book is aimed at researchers and postgraduate students of energy, transport, environmental and climate policies, as well as development, environment, innovation and sustainability.
This timely new book uses historical data from 1980 and alternative scenarios through 2020 to assess China's future energy requirements and the resources available to meet them. Current trends are putting China on an unsustainable and insecure energy growth path, characterized by the use of enormous quantities of "dirty" coal and an alarming oil import dependence. The authors find that what is urgently needed is a high-level commitment to an integrated, coordinated, and comprehensive policy that is set in the framework of the energy law currently being prepared.
These selected papers offer an overview of current knowledge in the fields of Renewable Energy and Building Energy Saving; Indoor Environments; City Ecological Environments; Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment; Air Environment Control and Architectural Environment Improvement Techniques; Road and Railway Engineering; Transportation Planning, Construction and Operation Organization; Bridge Engineering; Traffic Control and Information Technology; Carrier Operation Engineering. The volumes provide a comprehensive picture of the situation world wide.
China's transport sector has experienced a rapid growth in the last two decades, which causes heavy related carbon emissions and environmental pollutions due to its feature of high energy-intensive. A number of scholars have conducted studies to identify the sector's potential energy savings and to improve the energy efficiency. However, all of them focus on the direct energy consumption occurred during the operation of transport. Indirect energy use along the sector's supply chain is often neglected. At the same time, regional heterogeneity of transport sector's energy consumption should also be paid enough attentions. In this paper, multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model is applied to measure the direct and the indirect energy use of China's transport sector in 2012, where both the provincial and sectoral levels are taken into account. The results are shown as follows: (1) Energy use embodied in intermediate use is the most, which indicats that transport sector mainly serves for delivery of products and services. (2) Provinces are classified based on energy use and energy intensity, where most provinces in eastern region have high energy consumption and relatively low energy intensity and most provinces in central and western regions have relatively low energy use and high energy intensity; (3) From the perspective of energy transfer with the other sectors, energy sectors are the main providers for transport, while it supplies most energy to service sector and construction sector; (4) From the perspective of inter-provincial energy transfer, transport sector's energy flows from resource-intensive provinces located in central and western China to resource-deficient provinces in eastern China. Besides, a close geographical connection exists in the energy transfer. Based on the results, energy policies from the sectoral and provincial level are provided for policymakers.
This book is the first comprehensive analysis of transport efficiency in China. It presents a series of rigorous empirical analysis for the operation and environmental efficiencies of major transport sectors, including highway, railway, civil aviation, and waterway. It also evaluates transport safety of China. The book innovatively employs a DEA model based on Epsilon measures (EBM) to evaluate transport efficiency and an EBM DEA model with undesirable outputs to calculate transport environmental efficiency. The factors of transport efficiency are quantitatively studied, including economic growth, social transition, and technology changes. Also, China's policies aimed at improving transportation efficiency are evaluated. The theoretical analyses and discussions would enhance our existing knowledge of the changes and determinants of transport system’s efficiency in a context of rapid urbanization, industrialization, and marketization in China. The findings of the existing policy evaluation would bring fresh evidences for transport policy performances to both scholars and politicians. In particular, it shows policymakers the experiences or lessons of how to create an efficient transport system in order to save energy use, reduce GHGs emissions, and improve social security. This book is of great interest to scholars interested in sustainable transport, regional planning and development, environmental policy and is relevant to China and other developing countries.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) is assisting the development of transport sector in the People's Republic of China since 1986, by providing lending and non-lending support. Considerable progress has been achieved since then. However, with volatile fuel prices and increasing greenhouse emissions, issues of affordability, environmental sustainability and resource optimization are becoming increasingly important. This paper analyses these key issues and recommends a new, target-oriented approach that places energy efficiency, environment, and health at the top of the policy agenda for transport and related sectors at all levels. The paper makes six key recommendations for promoting environmentally sustainable transportation that can be considered by PRC to overcome these challenges.
This publication discusses the real-world performance data of low-carbon buses in the People's Republic of China. It also reviews the environmental and financial impacts, as well as the policies used to promote them. The People's Republic of China has taken the lead in the deployment of low-carbon buses and is moving toward full electrification to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Data and information in this publication can benefit countries interested in promoting low-carbon buses to design appropriate climate change policies.