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Partial contents: An Accurate Non-iterative Algorithm for Computing the Length of a position Vector to a Subsatellite Point; Feasibility of the Short Arc Adjustment Model in SEASAT-a Altimetry Reductions -- Mathematical Outline of the Short Arc Orbital Investigation, and Realistic GEOS-3 and SEASAT-A analysis; Accuracy Improvement in Adjusting Gravity Anomalies; Geopotential Model Containing Spherical Harmonics and Point Masses; Refinement of the Gravity Anomaly Model -- Gravity Anomaly Mathematical Model, Gravity Mathematical Model, Comparison of the Gravity and the Gravity Anomaly Models, Equivalence of the Coefficients, and Equivalence of the Constant Terms.
Gravity interpretation involves inversion of data into models, but it is more. Gravity interpretation is used in a “holistic” sense going beyond “inversion”. Inversion is like optimization within certain a priori assumptions, i.e., all anticipated models lie in a limited domain of the a priori errors. No source should exist outside the anticipated model volume, but that is never literally true. Interpretation goes beyond by taking “outside” possibilities into account in the widest sense. Any neglected possibility carries the danger of seriously affecting the interpretation. Gravity interpretation pertains to wider questions such as the shape of the Earth, the nature of the continental and oceanic crust, isostasy, forces and stresses, geol- ical structure, nding useful resources, climate change, etc. Interpretation is often used synonymously with modelling and inversion of observations toward models. Interpretation places the inversion results into the wider geological or economic context and into the framework of science and humanity. Models play a central role in science. They are images of phenomena of the physical world, for example, scale images or metaphors, enabling the human mind to describe observations and re- tionships by abstract mathematical means. Models served orientation and survival in a complex, partly invisible physical and social environment.
This textbook presents a comprehensive treatment of the theory and implementation of inverse methods in the analysis and interpretation of Earth’s gravity field. By restricting their consideration to a local rather than global level, the authors focus on the use of observations and data that are more sensitive to local mass anomalies. All necessary theoretical aspects are reformulated in terms of a Euclidean framework so that less complex tools from mathematical analysis can be utilized. Divided into three parts, the text begins with a review of basic mathematical properties of gravitation, computing gravity from mass distributions, and relevant methods from Fourier analysis. In the second part of the text, the Earth’s gravity field and its properties are introduced, and the preprocessing and processing of gravity data are explored. Finally, elementary inverse theory is discussed, after which the general inversion problem is considered via application of both the Tikhonov deterministic approach and a stochastic MCMC model. Throughout, examples and exercises are provided to both clarify material and to illustrate real-word applications for readers. Analysis of the Gravity Field: Direct and Inverse Problems is carefully written to be accessible to both mathematicians and geophysicists without sacrificing mathematical rigor. Readers should have a familiarity with the basics of mathematical analysis, as well as some knowledge of statistics and probability theory. Detailed proofs of more advanced results are relegated to appendices so that readers can concentrate on solution algorithms.
This book contains most of the papers presented at the G3 Symposium (Global and Gravity Field and Its Temporal Variations) sponsored by the International Association of Geodesy at the XXI General Assembly of the IUGG held in July 1995, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Four papers review the following areas: applications of global gravity models in geodesy and oceanography, high resolution gravity information in the oceans from satellite altimeter data, and temporal variations of the gravity field measured by terrestrial and satellite techniques. Other papers provide new results and future plans, for example, in the areas: global potental coefficient models, new terrestrial and altimeter-derived anomaly data, improved estimations Techniques, and use of GPS data in gravity field modeling.
Satellite Gravimetry and the Solid Earth: Mathematical Foundations presents the theories behind satellite gravimetry data and their connections to solid Earth. It covers the theory of satellite gravimetry and data analysis, presenting it in a way that is accessible across geophysical disciplines. Through a discussion of satellite measurements and the mathematical concepts behind them, the book shows how various satellite measurements, such as satellite orbit, acceleration, vector gravimetry, gravity gradiometry, and integral energy methods can contribute to an understanding of the gravity field and solid Earth geophysics. Bridging the gap between geodesy and geophysics, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and students studying gravity, gravimetry and a variety of geophysical and Earth Science fields. - Presents mathematical concepts in a pedagogic and straightforward way to enhance understanding across disciplines - Explains how a variety of satellite data can be used for gravity field determination and other geophysical applications - Covers a number of problems related to gravimetry and the gravity field, as well as the effects of atmospheric and topographic factors on the data - Addresses the regularization method for solving integral equations, isostasy based on gravimetric and flexure methods, elastic thickness, and sub-lithospheric stress
Geophysics and Geochemistry is a component of Encyclopedia of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Geophysics and Geochemistry are two closely intertwined and collaborating branches of Earth’s sciences. The content of the Theme on Geophysics and Geochemistry is organized with state-of-the-art presentations covering eight main topics: Foundations of Geophysics and Geochemistry; Geophysical Systems; Seismology and Volcanology; Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity; Aeronomy and Magnetosphere; Gravimetry; Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry; Planetology – Comparative Planetology of Earth-like Planets and Astrobiology which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These three volumes are aimed at the following a wide spectrum of audiences from the merely curious to those seeking in-depth knowledge: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.