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This dissertation presents new computational abstractions to model complex behaviors in cyber-physical systems. The need to model cyber-physical systems is becoming increasingly important, but capturing their underlying behavior in a coherent fashion is technically challenging. Physical aspects of cyber-physical systems are described by algebraic equations that contain complex dependencies, and cyber aspects are described by algorithms that require capturing complex communication topologies and computational timings. To address these challenges, this dissertation first presents a new algebraic modeling framework called the OptiGraph. The OptiGraph captures physical connectivity in complex optimization (physical) models, enables the construction of hierarchical optimization structures, and facilitates systematic modeling and manipulation capabilities. The OptiGraph also facilitates the decomposition of complex optimization problems which enables the exploitation of advanced parallel optimization solvers and algorithms. Next, this dissertation presents a new modeling abstraction to capture cyber aspects called the ComputingGraph. The ComputingGraph captures complex cyber behaviors such as latency and asynchronous communication which can be used to evaluate the performance of various distributed control algorithms that execute in real-time subject to delays and failures. The ComputingGraph can also be used to simulate and benchmark distributed algorithms which run on heterogeneous computing architectures. The proposed abstractions are scalable and are used as the backbone of open-source Julia-based software packages called Plasmo.jl (which implements the OptiGraph) and PlasmoCompute.jl (which implements the ComputingGraph). With the developed packages, this dissertation tackles challenging problems that include the optimization of large-scale infrastructure systems, the evaluation of complex distributed control architectures, and the simulation of distributed optimization and machine learning algorithms.
This open access book coherently gathers well-founded information on the fundamentals of and formalisms for modelling cyber-physical systems (CPS). Highlighting the cross-disciplinary nature of CPS modelling, it also serves as a bridge for anyone entering CPS from related areas of computer science or engineering. Truly complex, engineered systems—known as cyber-physical systems—that integrate physical, software, and network aspects are now on the rise. However, there is no unifying theory nor systematic design methods, techniques or tools for these systems. Individual (mechanical, electrical, network or software) engineering disciplines only offer partial solutions. A technique known as Multi-Paradigm Modelling has recently emerged suggesting to model every part and aspect of a system explicitly, at the most appropriate level(s) of abstraction, using the most appropriate modelling formalism(s), and then weaving the results together to form a representation of the system. If properly applied, it enables, among other global aspects, performance analysis, exhaustive simulation, and verification. This book is the first systematic attempt to bring together these formalisms for anyone starting in the field of CPS who seeks solid modelling foundations and a comprehensive introduction to the distinct existing techniques that are multi-paradigmatic. Though chiefly intended for master and post-graduate level students in computer science and engineering, it can also be used as a reference text for practitioners.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Workshopon Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of Cyber Physical Systems, CyPhy2016, held in conjunction with ESWeek 2016, in Pittsburgh, PA, USA, inOctober 2016. The 9 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. They broadly interpret, from a diverse set of disciplines, the modeling, simulation, and evaluation of cyber-physical systems with a particular focus on techniques and components to enable and support virtual prototyping and testing.
This book presents new findings on cyber-physical systems design and modelling approaches based on AI and data-driven techniques, identifying the key industrial challenges and the main features of design and modelling processes. To enhance the efficiency of the design process, it proposes new approaches based on the concept of digital twins. Further, it substantiates the scientific, practical, and methodological approaches to modelling and simulating of cyber-physical systems. Exploring digital twins of cyber-physical systems as well as of production systems, it proposes combining both mathematical models and data processing techniques as advanced methods for cyber-physical system design and modelling. Moreover, it presents the implementation of the developed prototypes, including testing in real industries, which have collected and analyzed big data and proved their effectiveness. The book is intended for practitioners, enterprise representatives, scientists, and Ph.D. and master’s students interested in the research and applications of cyber-physical systems in different domains.
This book puts in focus various techniques for checking modeling fidelity of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), with respect to the physical world they represent. The authors' present modeling and analysis techniques representing different communities, from very different angles, discuss their possible interactions, and discuss the commonalities and differences between their practices. Coverage includes model driven development, resource-driven development, statistical analysis, proofs of simulator implementation, compiler construction, power/temperature modeling of digital devices, high-level performance analysis, and code/device certification. Several industrial contexts are covered, including modeling of computing and communication, proof architectures models and statistical based validation techniques.
Although comprehensive knowledge of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is becoming a must for researchers, practitioners, system designers, policy makers, system managers, and administrators, there has been a need for a comprehensive and up-to-date source of research and information on cyber-physical systems. This book fills that need.Cyber-Physical Syst
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Model-Based Design of Cyber Physical Systems, CyPhy 2019 and 15th International Workshop on Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems Education, WESE 2019, held in conjunction with ESWeek 2019, in New York City, NY, USA, in October 2019.The 13 full papers presented together in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The conference presents a wide range of domains including models and design; simulation and tools; formal methods; embedded and cyber-physical systems education.
In this chapter, we present a framework for modeling certain classes of cyber-physical systems using graph-theoretic thinking. The cyber-physical systems we consider are typified by buildings. We show that the thermal processes associated with a building can be represented as a graph in which (1) the node variables (temperature and heat flows) are governed by a dynamic system and (2) interconnections between these nodes (walls, doors, windows) are also described by a dynamic system. In general, we call a collection of such nodes and interconnections a dynamic graph (dynamic consensus network).Driven to explore this by developing thermal examples, this study outlines a practical framework for dynamic consensus networks and dynamic graphs. In a manner that seamlessly extends these concepts from the static cases, we will explore the combination of dynamic degrees, adjacency, Laplacian matrices, and incident matrices. With these conceptual tools, one can quickly identify equivalent concepts of dynamic consensus networks.