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Gradient Elution in Column Liquid Chromatography
Gradient elution demystified Of the various ways in which chromatography is applied today, few have been as misunderstood as the technique of gradient elution, which presents many challenges compared to isocratic separation. When properly explained, however, gradient elution can be less difficult to understand and much easier to use than often assumed. Written by two well-known authorities in liquid chromatography, High-Performance Gradient Elution: The Practical Application of the Linear-Solvent-Strength Model takes the mystery out of the practice of gradient elution and helps remove barriers to the practical application of this important separation technique. The book presents a systematic approach to the current understanding of gradient elution, describing theory, methodology, and applications across many of the fields that use liquid chromatography as a primary analytical tool. This up-to-date, practical, and comprehensive treatment of gradient elution: * Provides specific, step-by-step recommendations for developing a gradient separation for any sample * Describes the best approach for troubleshooting problems with gradient methods * Guides the reader on the equipment used for gradient elution * Lists which conditions should be varied first during method development, and explains how to interpret scouting gradients * Explains how to avoid problems in transferring gradient methods With a focus on the use of linear solvent strength (LSS) theory for predicting gradient LC behavior and separations by reversed-phase HPLC, High-Performance Gradient Elution gives every chromatographer access to this useful tool.
The latest edition of the authoritative reference to HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is today the leading technique for chemical analysis and related applications, with an ability to separate, analyze, and/or purify virtually any sample. Snyder and Kirkland's Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography has long represented the premier reference to HPLC. This Third Edition, with John Dolan as added coauthor, addresses important improvements in columns and equipment, as well as major advances in our understanding of HPLC separation, our ability to solve problems that were troublesome in the past, and the application of HPLC for new kinds of samples. This carefully considered Third Edition maintains the strengths of the previous edition while significantly modifying its organization in light of recent research and experience. The text begins by introducing the reader to HPLC, its use in relation to other modern separation techniques, and its history, then leads into such specific topics as: The basis of HPLC separation and the general effects of different experimental conditions Equipment and detection The column—the "heart" of the HPLC system Reversed-phase separation, normal-phase chromatography, gradient elution, two-dimensional separation, and other techniques Computer simulation, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and method validation and quality control The separation of large molecules, including both biological and synthetic polymers Chiral separations, preparative separations, and sample preparation Systematic development of HPLC separations—new to this edition Troubleshooting tricks, techniques, and case studies for both equipment and chromatograms Designed to fulfill the needs of the full range of HPLC users, from novices to experts, Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition offers the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and accessible survey of HPLC methods and applications available.
This practical guide for analytical scientists explains the use of gradients in liquid chromatography. The fundamentals of gradient separations, as well as the most common application scenarios are addressed, from LC-MS coupling to biochromatography to the separation of ionic substances. Throughout, this handy volume provides detailed hands-on information for practitioners, enabling them to use gradient separation methods reliably and efficiently.
General concepts in column chromatography -- The column in gas chromatography -- Instrumental aspects of gas chromatography -- The column in liquid chromatography -- Instrumental aspects of liquid chromatography -- Thin-layer chromatography -- Supercritical fluid chromatography -- Capillary-electromigration separation techniques -- Spectroscopic detectors for identification and quantification -- Separation of stereoisomers -- Laboratory-scale preparative chromatography.
Separation Methods in Drug Synthesis and Purification
Principles and Practice of Modern Chromatographic Methods, Second Edition takes a comprehensive, unified approach in its presentation of chromatographic techniques. Like the first edition, the book provides a scientifically rigid, but easy-to-follow presentation of chromatography concepts that begins with the purpose and intent of chromatographic theory - the "what and why that are left out of other books attempting to cover these principles. This fully revised second edition brings the content up-to-date, covering recent developments in several new sections and an additional chapter on composite methods. New topics include sample profiling, sample preparation, sustainable green chemistry, 2D chromatography, miniaturization/nano-LC, HILIC, and more. - Contains thorough chapters that begin with an updated schematic overview and a visual representation of the content - Avoids the obfuscation of different terminologies and classification systems that are prevalent in the area, such as the relationship between liquid chromatography and column chromatography - Provides integrated and comprehensive topic coverage based on chromatographic bibliometrics and survey reports on the relative usage of chromatographic techniques
This revision brings the reader completely up to date on the evolving methods associated with increasingly more complex sample types analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC. The book also incorporates updated discussions of many of the fundamental components of HPLC systems and practical issues associated with the use of this analytical method. This edition includes new or expanded treatments of sample preparation, computer assisted method development, as well as biochemical samples, and chiral separations.
This volume provides a straightforward approach to isolation and purification problems with a thorough presentation of preparative LC strategy including the interrelationship between the input and output of the instrumentation, while keeping to an application focus.The book stresses the practical aspects of preparative scale separations from TLC isolations through various laboratory scale column separations to very large scale production. It also gives a thorough description of the performance parameters (e.g. throughput, separation quality, etc.) as a function of operational parameters (e.g. particle size, column size, solvent usage, etc.). Experts in the field have contributed a well balanced presentation of separation development strategies from preparative TLC to commercial preparative process with practical examples in a wide variety of application areas such as drugs, proteins, nucleotides, industrial extracts, organic chemicals, enantiomers, polymers, etc.
Essentials in Modern HPLC Separations, Second Edition discusses the role of separation in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This new and updated edition systematically presents basic concepts as well as new developments in HPLC. Starting with a description of basic concepts, it provides important guidance for the practical utilization of various HPLC procedures, such as the selection of the HPLC type, proper choice of the chromatographic column, selection of mobile phase and selection of the method of detection, all of which are in correlation with the physico-chemical characteristics of the compounds separated. Every chapter has been carefully reviewed, with several new sections added to bring the book completely up-to-date. Hence, it is a valuable reference for students and professors in chemistry. - Provides a thoroughly updated resource, with an entirely new section on Computer-aided Method Development in HPLC and new subsections on miniaturization and automation in HPLC, chemometric aspects of HPLC, green solvent use in HPLC, and more - Includes insights into the chromatographic process to find the optimum solution for analyzing complex samples - Presents a basis for understanding the utilization of modern HPLC for applications, particularly for the analysis of pharmaceutical, biological, food, beverage and environmental samples