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Geoffrey Turner's definitive study of the mid-19th century excavations by the British Museum at the Assyrian site of Nineveh documents the complete history of these excavations and provides detailed reconstructions of the architecture and sculpture in the palace of Sennacherib.
New technologies affect the legal system, but do they and should they also affect constitutional rights? These are questions that every country has to address, taking into account their constitutional system and legal tradition. This book surveys changes in constitutional rights and human-rights policy related to developments in ICT and new technologies in the USA, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, Belgium and the Netherlands. The seven country reports provide in-depth accounts of changes to the constitutional system (such as a constitutional review and the influence of international law), case law and (policy) developments with respect to freedom of expression, privacy, inviolability of the body, inviolability of the home and freedom of communication. The book is recommended to policy-makers, members of the judiciary, academics and practitioners, as it provides inspiration for diverging strategies to achieve continued protection for the widely-shared constitutional values of privacy and freedom of expression.
This book deals with child soldiers’ involvement in crimes under international law. Child soldiers are often victims of grave human rights abuses, and yet, in some cases, they also participate actively in inflicting violence upon others. Nonetheless, the international discourse on child soldiers often tends to ignore the latter dimension of children’s involvement in armed conflict and instead focuses exclusively on their role as victims. While it might seem as though the discourse is therefore beneficial for child soldiers as it protects them from blame and responsibility, it is important to realize that the so-called passive victim narrative entails various adverse consequences, which can hinder the successful reintegration of child soldiers into their families, communities and societies. This book aims to address this dilemma. First, the available options for dealing with child soldiers’ participation in crimes under international law, such as transitional justice and criminal justice, and their shortcomings are analyzed in depth. Subsequently a new approach is developed towards achieving accountability in a child-adequate way, which is called restorative transitional justice. This book is in the first place aimed at researchers with an interest in child soldiers, children and armed conflict, as well as international criminal law, transitional justice, juvenile justice, restorative justice, children’s rights, and international human rights law. Secondly, professionals working on issues of transitional justice, juvenile justice, international criminal law, children’s rights, and the reintegration of child soldiers will also find the subject matter of great relevance to their practice. Dr. Leonie Steinl, LL.M. (Columbia) is a Researcher and Lecturer at the Faculty of Law of the Humboldt-Universität in Berlin.
Although Bahrain has had an established system of law courts since 1771, it was only in the course of the twentieth century that it gradually developed a fully-fledged legal system compatible with international norms. Today, like the other Gulf states, its sophisticated judiciary represents a blend of Islamic Shari'a, British common law, and modern reforms drawn principally from Egypt's civil law-influenced trdition. In recent decades, arbitration has also taken its place as an important adjunct to the judiciary.