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Excellent water quality in research reactors and spent fuel wet storage facilities is essential to prevent degradation of research reactor components and aluminium clad fuel elements, and to achieve optimum storage performance. A lot of information is available in the open literature on this subject, but no comprehensive document addressing the rationale of water quality management in research reactors has been published so far. This publication is intended to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive catalogue of good practices for management of water quality. It is intended to assist research reactor managers and operators in implementing water quality programmes in their facilities. Once implemented, such programmes will help to improve the performance of the reactor, provide natural life extension and minimize corrosion in both research reactor internals and spent fuel cladding in wet storage facilities, thus maintaining its integrity and safety until the spent fuel can be moved to a dry storage facility, is submitted for final disposal or reprocessing.
Excellent water quality in research reactors and spent fuel wet storage facilities is essential to prevent degradation of research reactor components and aluminium clad fuel elements, and to achieve optimum storage performance. A lot of information is available in the open literature on this subject, but no comprehensive document addressing the rationale of water quality management in research reactors has been published so far. This publication is intended to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive catalogue of good practices for management of water quality. It is intended to assist research reactor managers and operators in implementing water quality programmes in their facilities. Once implemented, such programmes will help to improve the performance of the reactor, provide natural life extension and minimize corrosion in both research reactor internals and spent fuel cladding in wet storage facilities, thus maintaining its integrity and safety until the spent fuel can be moved to a dry storage facility, is submitted for final disposal or reprocessing.
This publication provides an introduction to the management of research reactor spent nuclear fuel (RRSNF). Five key areas are discussed: types of RRSNF, characterization data, wet storage considerations, dry storage considerations, and lessons learned and current practices. Information on internationally accepted standards as well as information on aspects such as drying treatment and surveillance programmes are presented, as well as suggestions for further optimization of effective and safe storage of RRSNF through the application of new approaches. The intended users of this publication include industry professionals at operating research reactors and at RRSNF storage facilities who need to identify the most suitable approach for interim storage of spent fuel.
This publication, resulting from an IAEA coordinated research project (CRP), provides information about available strategies for research reactor spent fuel management, and presents a decision methodology to assist those selecting among several options, to identify the preferred approach for their specific situation. The decision support tools were developed to consider not only the cost of the possible research reactor spent fuel management strategies, but also the non-economic factors that might influence their selection. Examples of the technologies that are currently used by some IAEA Member States are provided. Additionally, this publication provides information about the Excel based decision-support tools developed as part of this CRP, along with case studies and tutorials to assist users.
Nuclear Decommissioning Case Studies: Accidental Impacts on Workers, the Environment and the Public, Volume One presents a collection of international case studies that show impacts on workers, the public and the environment. Author Michele Laraia describes typical stages of decommissioning, such as categorization, hazard and risk analysis, and the risks and impacts involved at each stage. Each case is introduced before discussing its impacts, solutions, analysis, and lessons learned. This book uniquely collects, categorizes and compares radiological and non-radiological accidents, incidents and near misses which will be of great value to practitioners in industry and authorities developing nuclear programs. Finally, this book instructs readers on important prevention, mitigation and control measures to create sustainable, safe nuclear facilities. - Includes various case studies and analyses on the impact of nuclear decommissioning on environmental sustainability, workers and the public - Highlights the need of ensuring sustainability plans at the beginning of a nuclear project and informs decision makers on how to select the best options - Guides the reader through a systematic analysis of the likelihood of incidents and how to take measures against them
This book presents the select proceedings of the Virtual Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (VCDRR 2021). It emphasizes on the role of civil engineering for a disaster resilient society. It presents latest research on climate change and water security focusing on disaster risk reduction. Various topics covered in this book are climate change, stormwater management, flood risk analysis, drought management, water treatment, etc. This book is a comprehensive volume on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and its management for a sustainable built environment. This book is useful for the students, researchers, policy makers and professionals working in the area of civil engineering, climate change and disaster management.
This publication is a revision by amendment of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-15 and provides recommendations and guidance on the storage of spent nuclear fuel. It covers all types of storage facility and all types of spent fuel from nuclear power plants and research reactors. It takes into consideration the longer storage periods beyond the original design lifetime of the storage facility that have become necessary owing to delays in the development of disposal facilities and the reduction in reprocessing activities. It also considers developments associated with nuclear fuel, such as higher enrichment, mixed oxide fuels and higher burnup. Guidance is provided on all stages in the lifetime of a spent fuel storage facility, from planning through siting and design to operation and decommissioning. The revision was undertaken by amending, adding and/or deleting specific paragraphs addressing recommendations and findings from studying the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan.
Describes the rationale and vision for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The publication identifies the basic principles that nuclear energy systems must satisfy to fulfil their promise of meeting growing global energy demands.
This report describes research performed in ten laboratories within the framework of the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project on Corrosion of Research Reactor Aluminium Clad Spent Fuel in Water. The project consisted of exposure of standard racks of corrosion coupons in the spent fuel pools of the participating research reactor laboratories and evaluation of the coupons after predetermined exposure times, along with periodic monitoring of the storage water. A group of experts in the field contributed a state of the art review and provided technical supervision of the project. Localized corrosion mechanisms are notoriously difficult to understand, and it was clear from the outset that obtaining consistency in the results and their interpretation from laboratory to laboratory would depend on the development of an excellent set of experimental protocols. These experimental protocols are described in the report, together with guidelines for the maintenance of optimum water chemistry to minimize the corrosion of aluminium clad research reactor fuel in wet storage.