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Inefficient ports can stall a country's trade growth and also increase the costs of transportation. Rising inefficiencies in ports have therefore forced the governments all over the world to deregulate the port system. The port sector in several developing countries has been undergoing revolutionary transformation from a subsistence infrastructure resource into a more capital intensive, commercially oriented facility during the last two decades. In India, awareness towards the impact of port infrastructure on economic development in general and international trade in particular has increased in recent years partly as a result of rising trade transportation costs. One of the objectives of this book is therefore to understand the role the port plays in India's economic development. The book tries to quantitatively evaluate the structural metamorphosis in Indian port sector. The main emphasis of the book is on performance evaluation, technological change, total factor productivity growth, market concentration, and competitiveness of Indian ports for the last two and a half decades. This book deals with these vital issues and questions through a detailed analytical framework. Above all, one protracted objective of this book is to create a ground for discussion on various aspects of port development and the resultant policy action.
Economic prosperity in the United States depends on trade with other nations. International trade accounts for a quarter of America's Gross Domestic Product with 95 percent of cargo traded being shipped through one of the nation's seaports. With economic globalization, the ability to transport goods becomes increasingly important to maintaining the U.S. status as a world power. The shipping industry is evolving to larger ships with greater capacity and efficiency to meet increasing global demands, requiring changes to port infrastructure. While countries in Asia and Europe are investing heavily in port infrastructure in preparation for future requirements, the U.S. has reduced spending in this area. Completion of the Panama Canal expansion in 2014 will further alter shipping patterns, creating increased demand on East Coast ports. Although the nation faces fiscal challenges, it needs a national strategy that promotes greater port development if it is to meet future demand. The U.S. must increase spending on infrastructure to keep current with transportation needs and establish systems that prioritize national infrastructure investments, supporting trade and economic policy. It must revise laws to allow greater use of existing funding for port development and update port standards to meet current shipping industry needs.
This book provides a series of case studies concerning ports and port communities from around the world, in attempt to determine the impact of globalisation on the port industry and the link between local and global port conditions. It also presents the case for the absolute necessity of ports and port systems to trade and industry on a global scale. The book is comprised of ten essays, the first six of which concern local issues in a rapid globalising industry. The second section contains the remaining four essays, which consider port systems from national perspectives.
The COVID-19 pandemic, Brexit and the US-China trade dispute have heightened interest in the geopolitics and security of modern ports. Ports are where contemporary societal dilemmas converge: the (de)regulation of international flows; the (in)visible impact of globalization; the perennial tension between trade and security; and the thin line between legitimate, illicit and illegal. Applying a multidisciplinary lens to the political economy of port security, this book presents a unique outlook on the social, economic and political factors that shape organized crime and governance. Advancing the research agenda, this text bridges the divide between global and local, and theory and practice.
Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Being an island nation, the ocean is never too far from Sri Lanka. Situated right at the center of the world's busiest sea lanes of communication, the geography connects the country with the Indian Ocean, and its destiny is linked to this strategic body of water. For centuries, the Indian Ocean has been part of Sri Lanka's strategic, security, and political narratives. However, over the years, the country's involvement in the affairs of the Indian Ocean has retracted due to domestic and regional circumstances. Its consciousness of its ocean identity declined when it took an inward orientation which gave greater visibility to its South Asian identity, and its own imagination began to pivot towards the Indian hinterland. However, with the rising importance of the Indian Ocean in geopolitics, and with the end of the civil war, Sri Lanka's consciousness of its ocean identity has grown. Successive governments have formulated policies that would have paved its way to become the hub of the Indian Ocean, making the ocean the center of its economic development, maritime security, and defense relations. Amidst this backdrop, this book explores historical and contemporary perspectives on Sri Lanka's relations with the Indian Ocean.
Shipping and port systems are vital to societies and lifestyles around the world. In the late twentieth century, however, assumptions concerning the robustness of these systems were severely shaken by economic shocks triggered by oil crises. This volume explores how many of the consequent uncertainties have been resolved, and how adapted systems have been shaped to meet the challenges of the new millennium. To explore these issues, contributors focus on issues such as: · economic integration of emerging economies - in particular China · sectors as diverse as the high-speed ferry and offshore oil industries · pollution problems generated by shipping Contributors' investigations, such as those into the homogenisation of the container industry and the port cluster concept and 'model' vessels for the offshore oil industry, make for a rewarding book that will be of interest to academics working in many fields including transport studies, marine and coastal studies and economic geography. Professional organizations and policy-makers will also appreciate the book.
The rapid change of pace in the global economy and the importance of understanding the roles played by port and shipping systems in both enabling and responding to this economic dynamism provides the rationale for this new book.
India and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are civilisational partners and belong to a shared geography. They not only share land and maritime borders, engagements between India and ASEAN have expanded from trade and investment to culture, science and technology, connectivity and sustainable development. The year 2022 marks the 30 years of partnership between ASEAN and India. In the last three decades, ASEAN and India have elevated their relations from the sectoral level to summit level to comprehensive strategic partnership level. The book Thirty Years of ASEAN-India Relations: Towards Indo-Pacific, presents rich prescriptions for the future. It covers a wide range of topics in the fields of economics, geography, history, archaeology, international trade, tourism, migration, and infrastructure for transport. The authors of the chapters are from diverse fields of academic disciplines from India and the ASEAN. Published to commemorate the 30th anniversary of ASEAN-India relations, this book is a valuable resource for practitioners and scholars who are interested in economic integration. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)
This dissertation investigates whether organizational and technological changes in the global economy, the port and maritime industry, and infrastructure financing have created port development barriers for developing countries on the global periphery. The restructuring of the international economy and development of global supply chains has altered both the routes and manner in which goods are traded. The port infrastructure that connects economies to the system of global trade has changed significantly in response to containerization of manufactured trade. The financing of port development has also evolved as governments have transferred investment responsibilities to the private sector. This dissertation proposes that changes in the global economy, maritime industry, and port financing models have created barriers to port development for countries on the global periphery. Port development barriers can have a significant impact on these countries' economic development. This research examines potential solutions for overcoming port development barriers, and also discusses some future trends that may shape the port development patterns and the overall global economy in the future.