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At the time of the U.S.-Japan auto conferences in March 1983, the hoped-for economic recovery as manifested in auto sales had revealed itself quite modestly. Three months later, the indicators were more robust and certainly long overdue for those whose livelihood depends on the health of the industry--some of whom are university professors. With Japanese import restrictions in place until March 1984 and drastically reduced break-even points for domestic manufactures, rising consumer demand holds great promise for the industry. The rapidly rising stock prices of the auto-makers captures well the sense of heightened optimism, as do the various forecasts for improved profits. While the news is certainly welcome, it nevertheless should be greeted with caution. As Mr. Perkins noted at the conference, "we have a tendency to forget things very quickly. If we have a boom market this year, there is a good chance that a lot of things we learned will be forgotten." To put the matter differently and more bluntly, with growing prosperity there is the risk that management will fall back into old habits, making impossible the achievement of sustained quality and productivity improvement. Similarly, the commitment to develop cooperative relations with workers and suppliers will weaken. The union will be under membership pressure to retrieve concessions rather than to take the longer-term view. This longer-term view recognizes that "up-front increases" and adherence to existing work rules increasingly come at the sacrifice of future job security. Government policymakers will turn their attention away from the industry. This may not mean a great deal given how weakly focused their attentions has been during the last three years and how mixed and contradictory government auto policies have been for over a decade.
This book argues that most multinational companies lack an adequate global strategy. The material provides a systematic framework for evaluating which elements of strategy to globalize and by how much, and a practical guide on how to implement a globalization strategy in order to achieve a successful, total global strategy.* spells out the interaction between industry globalization drivers and the appropriate global strategy response. * devotes attention to the implementation of global strategy. * provides a systematic framework to the analysis of global strategy. * stresses business-level as opposed to corporate- level global strategy.
The Japanese automotive industry enjoyed spectacular success in the 1980s. This was largely due to the so-called 'Lean Production System' - the combination of an efficient production system, an effective supplier system, and a product development system. In the 1990s the industry fell on hard times because of the Japanese asset price bubble and extreme currency appreciation. In this book, eminent industry specialist Koichi Shimokawa draws on his thirty years of research and fieldwork with Japanese and American firms, to show how the Japanese automotive industry has managed to recover from this difficult period. He shows how firms like Toyota were able to transfer Japanese systems to overseas plants and how they have changed in order to compete in increasingly globalized markets. In addition, the book also addresses the two major challenges to the current industry model: the rise of China and the environmental and energy supply situation.
Changes in the dynamics of economic activities since the last decades of the 20th century have yielded major changes in the composition of industries and the division of labor and production across different regions of the world. Despite these shifts in the global economy, some industries have remained competitive even without relocating their operations overseas. Industries and Global Competition examines how and why the specificities of certain industries and firms determined their choice of location and competitiveness. This volume identifies the major drivers of this process and explains why some firms and industries moved to other parts of world while others did not. Relocation was not the sole determinant of the success or failure of firms and industries. Indeed some were able to reinvent themselves at their original location and build new competitive advantages. The path that each industry or firm took varied. This book argues that the specific characteristics of each industry defined the conditions of competitiveness and provide a wide range of cases as illustrations. Aimed at scholars, researchers and acadmeics in the fields of business history, international business and related disciplines Industries and Global Competition exmaines the unique questions; How and why did the specificities of certain industries and firms determine their choice of location and competitiveness? Chapter 11 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
The increasing globalization of production and the conservative agenda for market-led growth are dramatically affecting the life of the average Canadian and the choices made by social and economic policy makers. As Daniel Drache, Meric Gertler, and the contributing authors show, the worldwide reorganization of markets poses new challenges for domestic industry while continental trade initiatives threaten the livelihood of Canadian workers and the stability of communities across all regions of the country. Environmental quality is similarly at risk from development strategies driven more by possibilities of short-term gain from export sales than by attempts to promote long-term sustainability.
Practical valuation exercises with real-world application and expert insight Financial Valuation Workbook cuts the learning curve in half, with practical training for use with any valuation textbook. Packed with tools, resources, and over 300 exercises, this book helps novices get a handle on the complex valuation process, while helping more experienced practitioners organize their engagements. Checklists, flowcharts, reports, information requests, and other resources help streamline the workflow and ensure thorough review, while in-depth coverage places the complexities of the field front-and-center. This new fourth edition features a brand new expanded case study for real-world insight, accompanied by exercises with explanations that deepen the learning process. Expert tips are highlighted throughout to provide additional insight in specific situations, and exercises from basic to advanced map to established training processes. Valuation is as an art, as well as a science, and simply reading a textbook only goes halfway toward true learning—applying what you learn is critical. This book provides hands-on practice alongside useful tools and valuable insight to help solidify your understanding of the many facets of this complex field. Delve into the intricacies of valuation with a new expanded case study and expert tips Follow checklists and flowcharts for each phase of the valuation process Use reports, information requests, and other tools that help organize your workflow Test your understanding with over 300 exercises organized by major area Organized into standard, recognized, and easily identified sections that lend themselves to quick refreshers as well as start-to-finish study, this book is a truly useful resource for beginner and veteran alike. Whether you're learning valuation for the first time or simply need guidance on an unfamiliar situation, Financial Valuation Workbook provides a key resource for any business valuation professional.
First published in 1998, this study of Japan-U.S. trade friction and the role perceptual differences have played in its evolution differs from its predecessors in key ways. First, it is interdisciplinary, drawing on the research of anthropologists, area specialists, intercultural communication specialists, linguists, sociologists, and social psychologists as well as that of political scientists and economists. Second, it both identifies and quantifies perceptual differences between Japanese and American opinion leaders regarding the large bilateral trade imbalances, the bilateral relationship, and national negotiating styles. Third, original data were collected from completed questionnaires sent to 230 American and 230 Japanese opinion leaders from business, government, academia, and the media, who had been involved in some way with the rice, automotive, or semiconductor sectors. Fourth, the three case studies of trade friction are representative of three differing mixes of trade friction are representative of three differing mixes of trade friction causal factors and perceptual dynamics. Finally, based on the findings of this study, modest suggestions are offered on how the bilateral perceptual gap might be narrowed and trade friction diminished so that the structural and sectoral problems might more effectively be addressed. This book should be of interest to scholars, government officials, and business leaders in Japan, the United States, and other countries in the global community who are interested in bilateral relations, international economic and political affairs, and trade friction. It should also be of special interest to social psychologists and cross-cultural scholars and researchers.