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"Suggested readings": p. 242.
The second edition of this guide to basic reference sources in the social sciences contains 2200 entries. In addition to revising and substantially enlarging the chapters on reference sources, the author has added a chapter on geography and one on business that is distinct from economics. Since the publication of the first edition, there have been two obvious developments in information storage and retrieval: the rapid development of online databases and the development of CD-ROM. Instead of devoting a separate chapter to these developments, the book incorporates online databases, CD-ROM and other forms of data sources into the text. In addition, there is a brief introduction to these developments. Although the general deadline for inclusion in the volume was December 1988, quite a few titles published in 1989 are included.
The economic and cultural roots of contemporary American business can be traced directly to developments in the era between the Civil War and World War I. The physical expansion of the country combined with development of transportation and communication infrastructures to create a free market of vast proportion and businesses capable of capitalizing on the accompanying economies of scale, through higher productivity, lower costs, and broader distribution. The Birth of Big Business in the United States illuminates the conditions that changed the face of American business and the national economy, giving rise to such titans as Standard Oil, United States Steel, American Tobacco, and Sears, Roebuck, as well as institutions such as the United States Post Office. During this period, commercial banking and law also evolved, and, as the authors argue, business and government were not antagonists but partners in creating mass consumer markets, process innovations, and regulatory frameworks to support economic growth. The Birth of Big Business in the United States is not only an incisive account of modern business development but a fascinating glimpse into a dynamic period of American history.
How much power does business exercise in Britain and the United States? Are giant firms that operate on a global scale beyond the control of elected governments? Are political parties in the pocket of business interests? All these questions go to the heart of the viability of a modern democracy, and have been given increased urgency since the end of 2007 and the economic crisis that has reverberated around the world. Business, Politics, and Society compares business and politics in two of the most important capitalist democracies: the United States and the United Kingdom. It introduces the big analytical and moral issues involved in the study of business power; traces the historical origins of business politics in the two nations; examines the role of giant firms, and the relationship between business and political parties; describes the special politics of the small business sector; scrutinizes the changing social and cultural environment of business; and sums up by raising problems of legitimacy and reward that are now the stuff of public policy. Boxed features in each chapter also extend the range of book, to business politics in the European Union, and to national systems beyond the United States and the United Kingdom. The book will be invaluable for students of business systems who now need to grasp the political setting of business, and to students of American and British politics, who now need to grasp the impact of business power on the workings of democratic government.
Otiginally published in 1975. At the time that Louis Galambos published The Public Image of Big Business in America in 1975, America had matured into a bureaucratic state. The expression of the military-industrial complex and big business grew so pervasive that the postwar United States was defined in large part by its citizens' participation in large-scale organizational structures. Noticing this development, Galambos maintains that the "single most significant phenomenon in modern American history is the emergence of giant, complex organizations." Today, bureaucratic organizations influence the day-to-day lives of most Americans—they gather taxes, regulate businesses, provide services, administer welfare, provide education, and on and on. These organizations are defined by their hierarchical structure in which the power of decision-making is allotted according to abstract rules that create impersonal scenarios. Bureaucracies have developed as a result of technological changes in the second half of the nineteenth century. Based on the premise that these structures had a stronger influence on modern America than any other single phenomenon, this book explores the public's response to the growth of the power and influence of bureaucracy from the years 1880 through 1930. What results is an examination of the social perception of bureaucracy and the development of bureaucratic culture.
This is an important and valuable contribution both to our understanding of fair trade and the broader context in which it operates. Dr Hutchens develops an exciting new theory and presents extensive original empirical work to construct a rigorous and, at times, challenging argument concerning the limits and opportunities for the fair trade movement going forward. Alex Nicholls, University of Oxford, UK Drawing on candid accounts from practitioners, producers and industry representatives, this informative and proactive volume investigates the challenges facing today s fair trade movement and provides unique insights into the workings of social and economic power in world markets. Using original, in-depth empirical data, Anna Hutchens develops several new approaches to understanding power, governance and social change across the broad interdisciplinary fields of development, economics and politics. Emphasising fair trade s entrepreneurs, this book investigates the creation of innovative commercial fair trade business models that are often neglected in fair trade research but are crucial to the fair trade movement s survival in commercial markets. As corporate involvement in fair trade markets grows, these models will be the key variable for the sustainability of fair trade into the future. This book will be warmly welcomed by academics in the fields of economics, political science and sociology working on free trade and fair trade. International non-government organisations, such as Oxfam, and international fair trade networks will find this book invaluable. Government officials (particularly in the EU Commission and parliamentarians) working on fair trade and/or trade-and-development policy and analysis will also find this book of particular interest.
From the colonial era to the present day, small businesses have been an integral part of American life. First published in 1991 and now thoroughly revised and updated, A History of Small Business in America explores the central but ever-changing role played by small enterprises in the nation's economic, political, and cultural development. Examining small businesses in manufacturing, sales, services, and farming, Mansel Blackford argues that while small firms have always been important to the nation's development, their significance has varied considerably in different time periods and in different segments of our economy. Throughout, he relates small business development to changes in America's overall business and economic systems and offers comparisons between the growth of small business in the United States to its development in other countries. He places special emphasis on the importance of small business development for women and minorities. Unique in its breadth, this book provides the only comprehensive overview of these significant topics.
The fundamental and explosive changes in the U.S. economy and its business system from 1860 to 1920 continue to fascinate and engage historians, economists, and sociologists. While many disagreements persist about the motivations of the actors, most scholars roughly agree on the central shifts in technologies and markets that called forth big business. Recent scholarship, however, has revealed important new insights into the changing cultural values and sensibilities of Americans who lived during the time, on women in business, on the ties between the emerging corporations and other American institutions, on the nature of competition among giant firms, and on the dawn of modern advertising and consumerism. This vast accumulation of notable new work on the social concept and consequences of economic change in that era has prompted Glenn Porter to recast numerous portions of The Rise of Big Business, one of Harlan Davidson’s most successful titles ever, in this, the third edition. Those familiar with this classic text will appreciate the expanded coverage of topics beyond the fray of regulation and the political dimensions of the emergence of concentrated enterprise, namely the influence of the rise of big business on social history. An entirely new bank of photographs and illustrations rounds out the latest edition of our enduringly popular title, one perfect for supplementary reading in a variety of courses including the U.S. history survey, the history of American business, and specialized courses in social history and the Gilded Age.
Newly revised and updated, "The Rise of Modern Business" compares and analyzes the development of business and business institutions in Great Britain, the United States, Japan, and, to a lesser extent, Germany from the preindustrial era to the present, wi