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This book is a pioneering work to position the creative city concept within Malaysian urban development discourse. The chapters are written and systematically sequenced to be all-encompassing and comprehensible to audiences both from the academic and non-academic realms. The nascency of creative city development in Malaysia has motivated the timely exploration of the viability of this strategy for selected Malaysian cities (i.e. Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Ipoh, Johor Bahru). The book also discusses the global discourse on creative city and its critiques. This is followed by an overview of Malaysia’s macrolevel socio-economic and political structures as well as national policies to frame the Malaysian creative city narrative. The case study chapters are novel, as each Malaysian city unravels its unique experiences and dissects the way the city responds to the creative city agenda amidst local nuances and idiosyncrasies.
The story of the British Eastern Fleet, which operated in the Indian Ocean against Japan, has rarely been told. Although it was the largest fleet deployed by the Royal Navy prior to 1945 and played a vital part in the theater it was sent to protect, it has no place in the popular consciousness of the naval history of the Second World War. So Charles Stephenson’s deeply researched and absorbing narrative gives this forgotten fleet the recognition it deserves. British prewar naval planning for the Far East is part of the story, as is the disastrous loss of the battleship Prince of Wales and battlecruiser Repulse in 1941, but the body of the book focuses on the new fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir James Somerville, and its operations against the Japanese navy and aircraft as well as Japanese and German submarines. Later in the war, once the fleet had been reinforced with an American aircraft carrier, it was strong enough to take more aggressive actions against the Japanese, and these are described in vivid detail. Charles Stephenson’s authoritative study should appeal to readers who have a special interest in the war with Japan, in naval history more generally and Royal Navy in particular.
Malaysia is one of the most intriguing countries in Asia in many respects. It consists of several distinct areas, not only geographically but ethnically as well; along with Malays and related groups, the country has a very large Indian and Chinese population. The spoken languages obviously vary at home, although Bahasa Malaysia is the official language and nearly everyone speaks English. There is also a mixture of religions, with Islam predominating among the Malays and others, Hinduism and Sikhism among the Indians, mainly Daoism and Confucianism among the Chinese, but also some Christians as well as older indigenous beliefs in certain places. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Malaysia contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Malaysia.
The development of George Town's historic commercial and civic precincts occurred under two distinct administrative phases: 1) under the British East India Company (EIC) (1786-1858) 2) under British Crown rule which lasted until just after the Japanese Occupation (1941-1945) during World War II (WWII). Beach Street was one of the first thoroughfares established in George Town and once literally ran along the seafront, with mercantile businesses hugging the seaward side. Business was derived from visiting EIC ships on the Britain to China trade route as well as free 'country traders' and local and regional trade. The owners of these properties gradually extended them seawards leading to a 'defacto' reclamation of seafront land for which owners of property along Beach Street were issued grants in 1870. A second reclamation was undertaken by the government between 1883 and 1889. This land too was granted to the adjoining landholders at nominal cost. In the early years British and other European merchants tended to dominate the northern end of Beach Street with Chinese, Indian, Arab and Malays the balance. On the mainland tin had long been mined by the Malay sultans and had formed a valuable part of their trade with the Dutch and British East India Companies. Chinese immigrants slowly dominated the industry by the mid-1800s, some taking controlling interests and amassing huge fortunes. As large-scale industrial techniques were introduced concessions were bought out, mainly by British companies, leading to a boom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rubber was also first planted around the end of the 19th century and rapidly became the next boom. Penang's location at the top of the Straits 3 of Malacca made it an ideal port location which in turn drove the mercantile boom of the early 1900s when many of the prominent buildings we see today were constructed. Significantly, the Hokkien Chinese call the section of Beach Street between the Clock Tower and China Street 'Ang Mor Thau Kay' which translates as 'European Commercial Street'. Despite this name, by the end of the 19th century many of the buildings in this sector were owned by Chinese tin and rubber tycoons who leased them to the foreign companies. Sadly, many of these were destroyed by Japanese and allied aerial bombing during WWII, leaving George Town today deprived of some of its grandeur of 100 years ago. This guide aims to assist visitors to better understand and enjoy many of the remaining buildings which comprise George Town's Historic Commercial and Civic Precincts.