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Geometry Illuminated is an introduction to geometry in the plane, both Euclidean and hyperbolic. It is designed to be used in an undergraduate course on geometry, and as such, its target audience is undergraduate math majors. However, much of it should be readable by anyone who is comfortable with the language of mathematical proof. Throughout, the goal is to develop the material patiently. One of the more appealing aspects of geometry is that it is a very "visual" subject. This book hopes to takes full advantage of that, with an extensive use of illustrations as guides. Geometry Illuminated is divided into four principal parts. Part 1 develops neutral geometry in the style of Hilbert, including a discussion of the construction of measure in that system, ultimately building up to the Saccheri-Legendre Theorem. Part 2 provides a glimpse of classical Euclidean geometry, with an emphasis on concurrence results, such as the nine-point circle. Part 3 studies transformations of the Euclidean plane, beginning with isometries and ending with inversion, with applications and a discussion of area in between. Part 4 is dedicated to the development of the Poincaré disk model, and the study of geometry within that model. While this material is traditional, Geometry Illuminated does bring together topics that are generally not found in a book at this level. Most notably, it explicitly computes parametric equations for the pseudosphere and its geodesics. It focuses less on the nature of axiomatic systems for geometry, but emphasizes rather the logical development of geometry within such a system. It also includes sections dealing with trilinear and barycentric coordinates, theorems that can be proved using inversion, and Euclidean and hyperbolic tilings.
Recipient of the Mathematical Association of America's Beckenbach Book Prize in 2015! Lobachevski Illuminated provides an historical introduction to non-Euclidean geometry. Within its pages, readers will be guided step-by-step through a new translation of Lobachevski's groundbreaking book, The Theory of Parallels. Extensive commentary situates Lobachevski's work in its mathematical, historical, and philosophical context, thus granting readers a vision of the mysterious and beautiful world of non-Euclidean geometry as seen through the eyes of one of its discoverers. Although Lobachevski's 170-year-old text is challenging to read on its own, Seth Braver's carefully arranged “illuminations” render this classic accessible to any modern reader (student, professional, or layman) undaunted by high school mathematics.
A historical introduction to non-Euclidean geometry.
Projective geometry is one of the most fundamental and at the same time most beautiful branches of geometry. It can be considered the common foundation of many other geometric disciplines like Euclidean geometry, hyperbolic and elliptic geometry or even relativistic space-time geometry. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to this fascinating field and its applications. In particular, it explains how metric concepts may be best understood in projective terms. One of the major themes that appears throughout this book is the beauty of the interplay between geometry, algebra and combinatorics. This book can especially be used as a guide that explains how geometric objects and operations may be most elegantly expressed in algebraic terms, making it a valuable resource for mathematicians, as well as for computer scientists and physicists. The book is based on the author’s experience in implementing geometric software and includes hundreds of high-quality illustrations.
Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of engineering, physics, and mathematics and scientific researchers of all types, this is the first authoritative text on invisibility and the science behind it. More than 100 full-color illustrations, plus exercises with solutions. 2010 edition.
This book is devoted to a monumental and superbly illuminated very large early fourteenth-century Mamluk Qur'an in muhaqqaq script. It constitutes the final part (Juz' 30) of a superb two-volume Qur'an of which the first volume is preserved in the National Museum in Damascus while the second volume, from which the present section originates, is widely dispersed. Remarkably, here the final part of the Qur'an is reunited with its magnificent and richly decorated double finispieces, thus reassembling what must have been among the most striking and lavishly illuminated sections of the entire manuscript. The high degree of inventiveness along with the overall quality of the manuscript point to the work of a master artist. Especially the geometric proficiency suggests the work of Muhammad ibn Mubadir, one of the leading illuminators in Mamluk Cairo at the turn of the thirteenth century. Although little is known of the life of this artist, his illumination in the Baybars al-Jashnagir Qur'an, now in the British Library, and a Qur'an copied in 1306-10 for an unknown patron, now in the Chester Beatty Library, constitute some of the most celebrated achievements of Mamluk Qur'an illumination.
Advances in Colorimetry covers the fundamentals of the science of the measurement of color. It is organized into six sections: “Advanced Methods and Tools for Color Measuring and Matching”, “Fundamentals and Applications of Colorimetric Analysis”, “Applications of Colorimetric Analysis for Forensic and Defence Industry”, “Applications of Colorimetric Analysis for Food Industry”, “Applications of Colorimetric Analysis for Agriculture, Environmental, Medical and Pharmaceutical Industries”, and “Applications of Colorimetric Analysis for Textiles and Apparel Industry”. Chapters in these sections address colorimetric-related topics such as advances in colorimetric evaluation techniques for color measuring and matching, spectrophotometric color analysis, forensic analysis of bloodstain color, colorimetric characterization of natural dyes, and much more.
The aim of this book is to assemble a series of chapters, written by experts in their fields, covering the basics of color - and then some more. In this way, readers are supplied with almost anything they want to know about color outside their own area of expertise. Thus, the color measurement expert, as well as the general reader, can find here information on the perception, causes, and uses of color. For the artist there are details on the causes, measurement, perception, and reproduction of color. Within each chapter, authors were requested to indicate directions of future efforts, where applicable. One might reasonably expect that all would have been learned about color in the more than three hundred years since Newton established the fundamentals of color science. This is not true because:• the measurement of color still has unresolved complexities (Chapter 2)• many of the fine details of color vision remain unknown (Chapter 3)• every few decades a new movement in art discovers original ways to use new pigments, and dyes continue to be discovered (Chapter 5)• the philosophical approach to color has not yet crystallized (Chapter 7)• new pigments and dyes continue to be discovered (Chapters 10 and 11)• the study of the biological and therapeutic effects of color is still in its infancy (Chapter 2).Color continues to develop towards maturity and the editor believes that there is much common ground between the sciences and the arts and that color is a major connecting bridge.