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This book draws on geometric ideas from cultural activities from Sub-Saharan Africa and demonstrates how they may be explored to develop mathematical reasoning from school level through to university standard. Paulus Gerdes provides a thoroughly illustrated and researched exploration of mathematical ideas, motifs and patterns. Many important mathematical points are brought to the fore, not via the formal ``theorem-proof'' method, but in a more schematic and diagrammatic manner. African artifacts, oral traditions, sand drawing and other forms of artwork with a geometric basis, all provide mathematical ideas for discussion in this unique book. Mathematicians and teachers of mathematics at all levels will be fascinated, as will anybody with an interest in African cultures.
From the Preface:"Over the years, Paulus Gerdes has established himself as the pre-eminent expert on patterns in African weaving and basketry, and the broader implications of these patterns. ... This new book is a broad gallery of plaited African designs. These range over much of the continent while concentrating on those parts of Africa that are closest to his Mozambique center, including Kongo, Mbole and Mangbetu from Congo, Cokwe and Lunda from Angola, Digo from Kenya, Soga from Uganda, Zulu from South Africa, and Makhuwa in Mozambique itself, but including such distant peoples as Bamileke in Cameroon. In Gerdes' gallery we are shown the love of patterns and symmetries that are the result of centuries of exultant exploration. Enjoy!"Donald W. CroweProfessor of Mathematics, EmeritusUniversity of Wisconsin
This volume constitutes an updated version of the bibliography published in 2004 by the African Mathematical Union. The African Studies Association attributed the original edition a 'ÂÂspecial mention'ÂÂ in the 2006 Conover-Porter Award competition. The book contains over 1600 bibliographic entries. The appendices contain additional bibliographic information on (1) mathematicians of the Diaspora, (2) publications by Africans on the history of mathematics outside Africa, (3) time-reckoning and astronomy in African history and cultures, (4) string figures in Africa, (5) examples of books published by African mathematicians, (6) board games in Africa, (7) research inspired by geometric aspects of the 'ÂÂsona'ÂÂ tradition. The book concludes with several indices (subject, country, region, author, ethnographic and linguistic, journal, mathematicians). Professor Jan Persens of the University of the Western Cape (South Africa) and president of the African Mathematical Union (2000-2004) wrote the preface.
"This volume provides readers with a glimpse into Paulus Gerdes's seminal work on the mathematics of an African tradition - 'sona' geometry, a drawing and narrative tradition from Angola with embedded mathematical ideas. The work represented in this book contributes significantly to efforts by other African mathematicians and mathematics educators to recuperate and valorize mathematical ideas and reasoning that reside in African material culture and cultural practices [...]. Moreover, Gerdes is a prolific contributor of work that reinforces a growing literature available in English of a dynamic research program in ethnomathematics. Uncoveirng the mathematical ideas embedded in a Cokwe cultural practice and providing access to the richness of these ideas are part of the concerns of ethnomathematics. As an ethnomathematician, Gerdes is not a neutral researcher but rather a public intellectual committed to finding ways not only to understand the mathematics of the Cokwe 'sona' tradition but also to raise important questions such as [...] when he observes that the profoundness of the mathematical ideas expressed in the 'sona' 'had started to build up.' With this, his reader is then prompted to ask questions: What happened to the building up of the 'sona' tradition and its mathematical ideas? Why was this development arrested? Answering these questions along with enjoying the beautiful presentation of the mathematics of the 'sona' tradition are the gifts that readers will receive from this wonderful volume"--Arthur B. Powell, p. [4] of cover.
In this truly one-of-a-kind book, Ascher introduces the mathematical ideas of people in traditional, or "small-scale", cultures often omitted from discussion of mathematics. Topics such as "Numbers: Words and Symbols", "Tracing Graphs in the Sand", "The Logic of Kin Relations", "Chance and Strategy in Games and Puzzles", and "The Organization and Modeling of Space" are traced in various cultures including the Inuit, Navajo, and Iroquois of North America; the Inca of South America; the Malekula, Warlpiri, Maori, and Caroline Islanders of Oceania, and the Tshokwe, Bushoong, and Kpelle of Africa. As Ascher explores mathematical ideas involving numbers, logic, spatial configuration, and the organization of these into systems and structures, readers gain both a broader understanding and anappreciation for the idease of other peoples.
Mathematics Across Cultures: A History of Non-Western Mathematics consists of essays dealing with the mathematical knowledge and beliefs of cultures outside the United States and Europe. In addition to articles surveying Islamic, Chinese, Native American, Aboriginal Australian, Inca, Egyptian, and African mathematics, among others, the book includes essays on Rationality, Logic and Mathematics, and the transfer of knowledge from East to West. The essays address the connections between science and culture and relate the mathematical practices to the cultures which produced them. Each essay is well illustrated and contains an extensive bibliography. Because the geographic range is global, the book fills a gap in both the history of science and in cultural studies. It should find a place on the bookshelves of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars, as well as in libraries serving those groups.