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Parks Canada has adopted an ecological integrity monitoring framework to guide its biennial assessment of the parks system. This paper focusses on the search for indicators of geological, geomorphological, and soil features, processes, & stresses for that framework. The paper describes indicators developed by the International Union of Geological Sciences, the Canadian Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Network, and the author that have been combined into one list, and assesses each indicator for three criteria: management relevance, linkage with other indicators, and practicality for monitoring. A short list of selected indicators is proposed for further consideration for national park system monitoring. The author also selects indicators that seem best matched to the local environment in five national parks in order to show the variation in indicators among local situations.
The current rate and scale of environmental change around the world makes the detection and understanding of these changes increasingly urgent. Subsequently, government legislation is focusing on measurable results of environmental programs, requiring researchers to employ effective and efficient methods for acquiring high-quality data. Focusing on pollution issues and impacts resulting from human activities, Environmental Monitoring is the first to bring together the conceptual basis behind the complex and specific approaches to the monitoring of air, water, and land. Coverage includes integrated monitoring at the landscape level, as well as case studies of existing monitoring programs such as the Chesapeake Bay Program. The book also addresses the recent legislative focus on high-quality data results and conducting monitoring programs in different ecosystems and environmental media.
Although the environment of North America is not dissected by political borders, Canada and the United States often measure environmental conditions and report on them using different indicators. This report examines the environmental indicators used by both nations, and based on analysis of current research into common methodologies used in national, regional and global environmental reporting, it goes on to draw lessons for the development of bilateral indicators to cover the North American region.
Monitoring has become fashionable. Business now talks about monitoring its activities, efficiency, costs and profits. The National Health Service is monitoring general practices and hospitals; it is keen to have more information about efficiency and the duration of stay of patients in different hospitals undergoing different types of treatment. These activities are usually carried out in relation to specific objectives with the aim of making activities more cost effective and competitive. Does the same apply in biology, ecology and nature conservation? Or, are we still enjoying conducting field surveys for the fun of it, at best with rather vague objectives and saying to our colleagues that we do our work because we need to know what is there? This book is an opportunity to consider some of the reasons why monitoring is important, how it differs from survey, how it may be able to answer specific questions and help with site management or problem solving. It will explore some of the taxa that are suitable for recording and how you may actually set about doing it. It is not intended as a catalogue of techniques but we will in each chapter give you sources of material so that with the minimum of effort you will be able to proceed with an efficient, relevant and not too time consuming monitoring programme. Some of the points that you need to consider before starting are also set down in the synthesis at the end of the book.
National parks and protected areas offer a wealth of ecological and social contributions or services to humans and life on earth. This book describes the strengths of national parks and protected areas in different parts of Europe and North America and the challenges to the full realization of their goals. It shows that they are useful not only in conserving rare species and biodiversity, but also in protecting water supply and other resources necessary to tourism and to economic and social development generally. Ideas and information on useful planning, management and decision-making arrangements are presented, and research needs are identified.
Environmental indicators, like economic indicators, are important tools for translating quantities of data into succinct information that can be readily understood and used by decision makers and the general public. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has taken the first step in leading an international initiative to develop a series of indicators and Canada is beginning to work on developing a similar series. This report presents a brief overview of efforts now underway to develop consistent, reliable indicators to measure the quality of our environment, the stresses placed on it, and the steps taken to prevent or reduce those stresses.