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Local factors have the potential to generate genetic structure within species if populations respond differently to varying environmental conditions across their geographic range. In this project, spatial genetic structure was examined in the legume, Chamaecrista fasciculata, its symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria, and rhizosphere microbiomes. In the first chapter, the aim was to test for genetic structure among populations of C. fasciculata in the Southeast and to evaluate whether phenotypic variation in leaf pubescence is associated with genetic divergence among populations, which would be consistent with local adaptation. My results did not detect a significant association between genetic structure and phenotypic variation in leaf pubescence, but the role of environmental variables in generating the observed patterns of spatial genetic variation in C. fasciculata was demonstrated. In the second project, I analyzed genetic structure within a single population to test for the presence of fine-scale genetic structure of the host plant and to determine if genetic structure of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia is influenced by host plants. Neighboring plants are expected to be more genetically similar than distant plants. If this expectation is supported and genotype x genotype interactions are important in this system, then I anticipated that spatially close host plants would show more genetically similar microbiota in their nodules and rhizospheric soil than distant host plants. The results indicated fine-scale genetic structure for both host plants and nodulating rhizobia, suggesting that the both organisms are influenced by similar mechanisms structuring genetic diversity or shared habitat preferences. In the third project, I characterized fine-scale structure and diversity of microbial communities of the rhizosphere of host plants within a single population. The results revealed significant differences in bacterial and fungal communities among host plants and a significant association between genetic distance of both microbial communities and spatial and plant genetic distances. These data confirm the importance of plant genotype and physical distance in shaping the genetic structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities of the rhizosphere. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the degree to which intraspecific genetic variation in plants influences the diversity and structure of soil microbial communities.
How Plants Communicate with Their Biotic Environment addresses how plants perceive the presence of organisms (other plants, microbes, insects and nematodes) living in their proximity, how they manage to be attractive when these organisms are friendly, and how they defend themselves from foes. Specific chapters delve into ecology and defense mechanisms, allelopathy and the role of allelochemicals in plant defense, plant signaling, and plant communication with microbes and animals, including herbivores. In addition, the book presents discussions on communication and its role in plant pollination. This comprehensive resource presents tactics that can be taken from the lab, to the bench, to the forest. Gathers, under a common general outline, a comprehensive knowledge issued from distinct scientific communities Combines three life science disciplines, including ecology, evolutionary biology, and molecular biology Addresses a topical subject as the natural biological processes described represent basic knowledge that help develop low input sustainable agriculture Written by renowned scientists in their field
The first volume devoted to anthropogenic effects on interactions between ants and flowering plants, considered major parts of terrestrial ecosystems.
For researchers and graduates with any interest in plant or soil sciences, this fascinating study will be a godsend – it’s the complete state of the art with regard to actinorhizal symbioses. The self-contained sixth volume of a comprehensive series on nitrogen fixation, it includes chapters that deal with all aspects of this symbiosis between actinorhizal plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It also contains information both about symbionts and their ecological role and use. Other chapters tackle the global distribution of different actinorhizal plants and their microsymbionts and how this impacts the question of co-evolution of the micro- and macrosymbionts as well as comparing the actinorhizal and leguminous symbioses. No other book provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this volume.
A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
Proceedings of the 12th meeting on Frankia and actinorhizal Plants
This important book provides a comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the world's leguminous plants and their symbiotic bacteria. Written by Professor Janet Sprent, a world authority in the area, Legume Nodulation contains comprehensive details of the following: An up to date review of legume taxonomy and a full list of the world's genera Details of how legumes are distributed throughout the world A review of the evolution of legume nodulation Comprehensive details of all microorganisms known to be symbiotic with legumes Ecological and environmental aspects of legume-bacteria symbiosis Legume Nodulation is an essential purchase for plant scientists, agronomists, ecologists and microbiologists. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this landmark publication.
Ants are probably the most dominant insect group on Earth, representing ten to fifteen percent of animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Flowering plants, meanwhile, owe their evolutionary success to an array of interspecific interactions—such as pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory—that have helped to shape their great diversity. The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions brings together findings from the scientific literature on the coevolution of ants and plants to provide a better understanding of the unparalleled success of these two remarkable groups, of interspecific interactions in general, and ultimately of terrestrial biological communities. The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions synthesizes the dynamics of ant-plant interactions, including the sources of variation in their outcomes. Victor Rico-Gray and Paulo S. Oliveira capture both the emerging appreciation of the importance of these interactions within ecosystems and the developing approaches that place studies of these interactions into a broader ecological and evolutionary context. The collaboration of two internationally renowned scientists, The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions will become a standard reference for understanding the complex interactions between these two taxa.
The Plant Root and the Rhizosphere was a major topical feature of the first International Symposium on Factors Determining the Behavior of Plant Pathogens in Soil held at the University of California, Berkeley in 1963. The symposium was edited by K. F. Baker and W. C. Snyder and published under the title Ecology of Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens. Since that time, several other international efforts, either on the root-soil interface specifically or on topics relating to the root environment, have provided"a wealth of valuable information basic to promoting the culture of healthier, more productive plants. For the writing of this book, inspiration has come, in large part, from 10 years of cooperative rhizosphere research in association with leading scientists participating in a regional effort within the southern United States. We have attempted to bring together in this work the major aspects of rhizosphere research and the principles of rhizosphere ecology for the benefit of developing young scientists and technologists, as well as for the established professional researcher and teacher. A prime objective and hope is that this volume might generate ideas that will bring forth new approaches and methodology leading to further advances in our understanding of rhizosphere interactions and their implications for agriculture. ' Because of the enormous complexity of the chemical, physical, and microbiological environment of roots, the methods used by various workers are rarely standardized, but must be devised or modified for each experiment.