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This archival volume is an invaluable collection of rigorously reviewed articles by experts in the fields of gene families, DNA, RNA and proteins, to commemorate the passing of a giant of science — Professor Clement L Markert (1917-1999).In 1959, Clement Markert and Freddy Moller developed the concept of the isozyme, which paved the way for extensive studies of enzyme, protein and gene multiplicity across all living organisms. This important scientific discovery has had a profound influence on the biological sciences for more than 40 years, and has provided the basis for regular international meetings to discuss the biological and biomedical implications of enzyme multiplicity. More recently, this concept has been extended to a wide range of gene families of DNA, RNA, proteins and enzymes.
Few would dispute the truth of the statement `People are Different', but there is much controversy over why. This book authoritatively explains the methods used to understand human variation, and extends them far beyond the primary `nature or nurture' question. After chapters on basic statistics, biometrical genetics, matrix algebra and path analysis, there is a state-of-the-art account of how to fit genetic models using the LISREL package. The authors explain not only the assumptions of the twin method, but how to test them. The elementary model is expanded to cover sex limitation, sibling interaction, multivariate and longitudinal data, observer ratings, and twin-family studies. Throughout, the methods are illustrated by applications to diverse areas such as obesity, major depression, alcohol comsumption, delinquency, allergies, and common fears.
Genes exist predominantly as families with related structures and functions, particularly within eucaryotic organisms. The isozyme concept was first introduced by Markert and MØller in 1959, and has formed the basis of large numbers of scientific investigations and conferences on gene families since that time. This volume is based on presentations made by invited Plenary and Symposia speakers at the Eighth International Congress on Isozymes on the topic of Gene Families: Structure, Function, Genetics and Evolution. The major themes for the Congress were in the following areas: molecular evolution; population genetics; enzymology; Australian fauna; biomedical aspects; molecular genetics; cellular compartmentation; gene regulation; and developmental genetics.
This book describes the models, methods and algorithms that are most useful for analysing the ever-increasing supply of molecular sequence data, with a view to furthering our understanding of the evolution of genes and genomes.
HELPS YOU DEVELOP AND ASSESS PEDIGREES TO MAKE DIAGNOSES, EVALUATE RISK, AND COUNSEL PATIENTS The Second Edition of The Practical Guide to the Genetic Family History not only shows how to take a medical-family history and record a pedigree, but also explains why each bit of information gathered is important. It provides essential support in diagnosing conditions with a genetic component. Moreover, it aids in recommending genetic testing, referring patients for genetic counseling, determining patterns of inheritance, calculating risk of disease, making decisions for medical management and surveillance, and informing and educating patients. Based on the author's twenty-five years as a genetic counselor, the book also helps readers deal with the psychological, social, cultural, and ethical problems that arise in gathering a medical-family history and sharing findings with patients. Featuring a new Foreword by Arno Motulsky, widely recognized as the founder of medical genetics, and completely updated to reflect the most recent findings in genetic medicine, this Second Edition presents the latest information and methods for preparing and assessing a pedigree, including: Value and utility of a thorough medical-family history Directed questions to ask when developing a medical-family history for specific disease conditions Use of pedigrees to identify individuals with an increased susceptibility to cancer Verification of family medical information Special considerations when adoptions or gamete donors are involved Ethical issues that may arise in recording a pedigree Throughout the book, clinical examples based on hypothetical families illustrate key concepts, helping readers understand how real issues present themselves and how they can be resolved. This book will enable all healthcare providers, including physicians, nurses, medical social workers, and physician assistants, as well as genetic counselors, to take full advantage of the pedigree as a primary tool for making a genetic risk assessment and providing counseling for patients and their families.
In Gene Sharing and Evolution Piatigorsky explores the generality and implications of gene sharing throughout evolution and argues that most if not all proteins perform a variety of functions in the same and in different species, and that this is a fundamental necessity for evolution.
This archival volume is an invaluable collection of rigorously reviewed articles by experts in the fields of gene families, DNA, RNA and proteins, to commemorate the passing of a giant of science OCo Professor Clement L Markert (1917OCo1999). In 1959, Clement Markert and Freddy Moller developed the concept of the isozyme, which paved the way for extensive studies of enzyme, protein and gene multiplicity across all living organisms. This important scientific discovery has had a profound influence on the biological sciences for more than 40 years, and has provided the basis for regular international meetings to discuss the biological and biomedical implications of enzyme multiplicity. More recently, this concept has been extended to a wide range of gene families of DNA, RNA, proteins and enzymes. Contents: Clement Markert (G L Hammond); Identification of Novel Gene Family Members Based on Efficient Full-Length cDNA Cloning (J Gu et al.); Aldehyde Dehydrogenases of Human Corneal and Lens Epithelial Cells (R S Holmes); X-Chromosome Inactivation During Spermatogenesis: The Original Dosage Compensation Mechanism in Mammals? (J R Mc Carrey); Probing for the Basis of the Low Activity of the Oriental Variant of Liver Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (B Wei & H Weiner); The Roles of Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes in Cancer (W R Chegwidden et al.); MHC Class II Suppression by Trophoblast cDNAs (G L Hammond et al.); Molecular Information Fusion for Metabolic Networks (R Hofestndt et al.); Effect of Heterogeneous Sperm and Hybridization of DNA Fragment in Allogynogenetic Silver Crucian Carp (D Xia et al.); Gene Expression During Carrot Somatic Embryogenesis (N Wu); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students, post-docs and experts interested in gene families."
During the last decade and a half, studies of evolution and variation have been revolutionized by the introduction of the methods and concepts of molecular genetics. We can now construct reliable phylogenetic trees, even when fossil records are missing, by compara tive studies of protein or mRNA sequences. If, in addition, paleon tological information is available, we can estimate the rate at which genes are substituted in the species in the course of evolution. Through the application of electrophoretic methods, it has become possible to study intraspecific variation in molecular terms. We now know that an immense genetic variability exists in a sexually repro ducing species, and our human species is no exception. The mathematical theory of population genetics (particularly its stochastic aspects) in conjunction with these new developments led us to formulate the "neutral theory" of molecular evolution, pointing out that chance, in the form of random gene frequency drift, is playing a much more important role than previously supposed. I believe that the traditional paradigm of neo-Darwinism needs drastic revision. Also, the importance of gene duplication in evolution, as first glimpsed by early Drosophila workers, has now been demonstrated by directly probing into genetic material. Recently, it has been discovered that some genes exist in large-scale repetitive structures, and that they are accompanied by newly described phenomena such as "coincidental evolution". Working out the population genetical consequences of multigene families is a fascinating subject, for which Dr. Ohta has been largely responsible.