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This report identifies and analyzes sex-based references in the United States Code, which forms the basis of Federal laws which allow implicit or explicit sex-based discrimination. The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights has issued this report to inform the public and to provide resource materials for private citizens, the President, and members of Congress who want to identify and eliminate sex-discriminatory provisions in the Code. The report is divided into two major parts: (1) Selected Areas of Sex Bias; and (2) Title-By-Title Review. An Introduction, and a section of Findings and Recommendations are also included.
This 74-page study presents data from a representative sample of 1186 full time American college students from 4-year colleges and universities in the USA. Students express their opinions on the pervasiveness of discrimination against men, discrimination against women, and the existence and degree of gender bias in grading. The study helps its readers to answer questions such as: which students believe faculty and administrators are biased against men? Women? How do these biases manifest themselves? The report focuses on the traditional gender distinctions; a separate report on bias against transgender students is forthcoming. Just a few of the report's many findings are that:?Students who grew up in the South and to a lesser extent, the Northeast, were more likely than others to believe that men are discriminated against at college.?Women were a bit more than twice as likely as men to feel that women were discriminated against at their institution.?Nearly 20% of the students most left wing politically believed there was bias against women in college grading.Data in the report is broken out by more than 20 personal and institutional variables, so, for example, readers can get specific data on views on gender discrimination on campus by first year students vs. juniors or seniors, or for students in level 1 research universities vs. doctoral institutions, or for male vs. female or vs. transgender students, or for business/economics majors vs fine arts majors, etc., etc. Breakouts include age, year of school standing, major or intended major, religion, gender, sexual orientation, income level, SAT/ACT scores, college grades, regional origins, race/ethnicity, level of school tuition, size of school of institution attended and many other variables. This is a critical resource for policy makers in government and in universities and colleges as well as a unique data source for social scientists and other studying higher education and information technology.
Presumed Incompetent is a pathbreaking account of the intersecting roles of race, gender, and class in the working lives of women faculty of color. Through personal narratives and qualitative empirical studies, more than 40 authors expose the daunting challenges faced by academic women of color as they navigate the often hostile terrain of higher education, including hiring, promotion, tenure, and relations with students, colleagues, and administrators. The narratives are filled with wit, wisdom, and concrete recommendations, and provide a window into the struggles of professional women in a racially stratified but increasingly multicultural America.
Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings.
...Discusses the extent, nature, and consequences of gender bias in the judiciary and makes remedial recommendations to promote fair and equal treatment of men and women; focuses on four aspects of law: economics, family law and civil damages, violence, juvenile and criminal justice, domestic violence and sexual assault, treatment of men and women in the courts, personnel, court employment practices, and judicial appointments...