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This report develops a game model of criminal development. If social life is understood to be a sequence of encounters which can be analyzed as games for social status, then processes leading to criminal status have their parallel in everyday life. The processes leading to criminal status are seen as a sequence of status degradation ceremonies which can be represented as a series of games played by the actor (an offender) with the victim or general public, the police, the prosecutor, and the court. During each of these games, a part of the social reality of criminal behaviour and criminal status is socially simulated. After each game, the actor has a chance to play the subsequent game in the series if he has lost the previous one. A game is lost if the actor's behaviour has been socially constructed as criminal and his status demoted so that in the next game another status degradation is likely. Thus the model that is developed portrays the processes of differential distribution of immunity in society. The model provides a conceptualization of the labelling approach and the principle of marginality (the phenomena of ubiquity, scarcity, and relativity of marginal positions in social groupings).
MS-DOS games encompassed the 1980s and 1990s and are regarded to be a golden era for home gaming. How could it not be a golden era with games like Doom, Quake, The Secret of Monkey Island, Star Wars: X-Wing, and so on? The DOS era left behind enough happy gaming memories to last a lifetime. So let's go ahead now and explore the 100 greatest games of the beloved DOS era!
In the mid-1990s, the NYPD created a performance management strategy known as Compstat. It consisted of computerized data, crime analysis, and advanced crime mapping coupled with middle management accountability and crime strategy meetings with high-ranking decision makers. While initially credited with a dramatic reduction in crime, questions quic
This book introduces students to the collection, uses, and interpretation of statistical data in the social sciences. It would suit all social science introductory statistics and research methods courses. Separate chapters are devoted to data in the fields of demography, housing, health, education, crime, the economy, wealth, income, poverty, labor, business statistics, and public opinion polling, with a concluding chapter devoted to the common problem of ambiguity. Each chapter includes multiple case studies illustrating the controversies, overview of data sources including web sites, chapter summary and a set of case study questions designed to stimulate further thought.
After a night out partying, a slacker finds a cell phone on a train and begins receiving text messages inviting him to play a game where participants rate videos of pranks and criminal acts that eventually start merging into the real world.
For over sixty million Americans, possessing a criminal record overshadows everything else about their public identity. A rap sheet, or even a court appearance or background report that reveals a run-in with the law, can have fateful consequences for a person’s interactions with just about everyone else. The Eternal Criminal Record makes transparent a pervasive system of police databases and identity screening that has become a routine feature of American life. The United States is unique in making criminal information easy to obtain by employers, landlords, neighbors, even cyberstalkers. Its nationally integrated rap-sheet system is second to none as an effective law enforcement tool, but it has also facilitated the transfer of ever more sensitive information into the public domain. While there are good reasons for a person’s criminal past to be public knowledge, records of arrests that fail to result in convictions are of questionable benefit. Simply by placing someone under arrest, a police officer has the power to tag a person with a legal history that effectively incriminates him or her for life. In James Jacobs’s view, law-abiding citizens have a right to know when individuals in their community or workplace represent a potential threat. But convicted persons have rights, too. Jacobs closely examines the problems created by erroneous record keeping, critiques the way the records of individuals who go years without a new conviction are expunged, and proposes strategies for eliminating discrimination based on criminal history, such as certifying the records of those who have demonstrated their rehabilitation.
Sport in East Germany is commonly associated with the systematic doping that helped to make the country an Olympic superpower. Football played little part in this controversial story. Yet, as a hugely popular activity that was deeply entwined in the social fabric, it exerted an influence that few institutions or pursuits could match. The People's Game examines the history of football from the interrelated perspectives of star players, fans, and ordinary citizens who played for fun. Using archival sources and interviews, it reveals football's fluid role in preserving and challenging communist hegemony. By repeatedly emphasising that GDR football was part of an international story, for example, through analysis of the 1974 World Cup finals, Alan McDougall shows how sport transcended the Iron Curtain. Through a study of the mass protests against the Stasi team, BFC, during the 1980s, he reveals football's role in foreshadowing the downfall of communism.
The Big Game By: David M. Wolf Through a clever scheme, they took five million dollars by force from an armored truck. Years after the heist, neither the money nor the culprits have been found. But the money can’t stay hidden forever, especially when more and more players join the chase. In a story about greed and the lengths to which people will go to satiate it, tenuous alliances are formed, and traps are set. With a disbarred lawyer investigating, the quest for the money involves an intricate web of characters, some united by their past, and most consumed by their lust for money.
What is the historical appeal of football? How diverse are its players, supporters and institutions throughout the world? What are its various traditions and how are these affected by pressures to modernize ? In what ways does the game help to reinforce or overcome social differences and prejudices? How can we understand football’s subcultures, especially football hooligan ones? The 1994 World Cup Finals in the United States have again demonstrated the conflicts which exist around football over its international future. The multi-media age beckons new audiences for top-level matches, but worries remain that the historical and cultural appeal of football itself may be the real loser. The global game has a breadth of skills, playing techniques, supporting styles and ruling bodies. These are all subject to local and national traditions of team play and fan display. Modern commercial influences and international cultural links through players and fan styles, are accommodated within the game to an increasing extent. Yet, football’s ability to differentiate remains: at local, regional, national and even continental levels. In some cases the game’s traditions ensure that these differences are becoming as oppositional today as is modern football hooliganism. But, the overall picture is one of a game without frontiers - rich in historical and cultural detail, pluralistic in its traditions and identities. This volume brings together essays by leading academics and researchers writing on world football. Their studies draw on interdisciplinary researches in England, Scotland, France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Argentina and Australia. The book will be of interest to students of sports science, cultural studies and social science and to all those who simply enjoy football as the world's greatest sporting passion.