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Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Bamberg (Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Language Change, language: English, abstract: The grammaticalization of will and shall, and be going to from Old English verbs of volition, obligation and movement to Present-day English future auxiliaries will be the focus of this paper. Special attention will be devoted to the role of be going to (
Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Bamberg (Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Language Change, language: English, abstract: The grammaticalization of will and shall, and be going to from Old English verbs of volition, obligation and movement to Present-day English future auxiliaries will be the focus of this paper. Special attention will be devoted to the role of be going to (
Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Ruhr-University of Bochum (Englisches Seminar ), course: Tense, Aspect and Modality, language: English, abstract: This paper is concerned with the question whether English has such a thing as a future tense and if this is the case, how it is formed. As a fact, "it is not uncommon for a language to have more than one gram which has future as a use" (Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 243). As we shall see, the English language possesses a wide range of future markers which in general only contribute to the variety of a language: "[T]he continued vialibilty of multiple forms in a given language is insured by differences in the range of uses to which each may be put" (ibid.). In this context I shall give an overview of the tense/time debate which has heated up amongst scholars and try to differentiate between the main forms of English future markers.
The verbal categories of tense and aspect have been studied traditionally from the point of view of their reference to the timing and time-perspective of the speaker s reported experience. They are universal categories both in terms of the semantic-functional domain they cover as well as in terms of their syntactic and morphological realization. Nevertheless, their treatment in contemporary linguistics is often restricted and narrow based, often involving mere recapitulatoin of traditional semantic and morphotactic studies.The present volume arises out of a symposium held at UCLA in May 1979, in which a group of linguists gathered to re-open the subject of tense-and-aspect from a variety of perspectives, including in addition to the traditional semantics also discourse-pragmatics, psycholinguistics, child language, Creolization and diachronic change. The languages discussed in this volume include Russian, Turkish, English, Indonesian, Ameslan, Eskimo, various Creoles, Mandari, Hebrew, Bantu and others. The emphasis throughout is not only on the description of language-specific tense-aspect phenomenon, but more on the search for universal categories and principles which underlie the cross-language variety of tense and aspect. In particular, many of the participants address themselves to the relationship between propositional-semantics and discourse-pragmatics, in so far as these two functional domains interact within tense-aspect systems.
This volume is one of the first detailed expositions of the history of different varieties of English. It explores language variation and varieties of English from an historical perspective, covering theoretical topics such as diffusion and supraregionalization as well as concrete descriptions of the internal and external historical developments of more than a dozen varieties of English.
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Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Society in v. 1-11, 1925-34. After 1934 they appear in Its Bulletin.
Preliminary Material /John P. Kimball --Possible and Must /Lauri Karttunen --The Modality of Conditionals-A Discussion of “Possible and Must” /John P. Kimball --Forward Implications, Backward Presuppositions, and the Time Axis of Verbs /Talmy Givón --Temporally Restrictive Adjectives /David Dowty --Cyclic and Linear Grammars /John P. Kimball --On the Cycle in Syntax /John Grinder --Discussion /George Lakoff --Action and Result: Two Aspects of Predication in English /Michael B. Kac --Three Reasons for Not Deriving 'Kill' from 'Cause to Die' in Japanese /Masayoshi Shibatani --Kac and Shibatani on the Grammar of Killing /James D. Mc Cawley --Reply to McCawley /Michael B. Kac --Doubl-ing /John Robert Ross --Where Do Relative Clauses Come From? /Judith Aissen --On the Nonexistence of Mirror Image Rules in Syntax /Jorge Hankamer --The VP-Constituent of SVO Languages /Arthur Schwartz --Lahu Nominalization, Relativization, and Genitivization /James A. Matisoff --Navaho Object Markers and the Great Chain of Being /Nancy Frishberg --The Crossover Constraint and Ozark English /Suzette Haden Elgin --Author Index /John P. Kimball --Subject Index /John P. Kimball.
This study offers a Construction Grammar approach to the historical development and modern usage of future constructions in English, German, Dutch, Danish, and Swedish. On the basis of corpus data, constructions such as English be going to or German werden are analyzed as symbolic units that convey a range of temporal and modal meanings. A special focus lies on the main verbs that occur with these constructions. Statistical co-occurrence patterns between constructions and lexical items guide the semantic analyses in this study: It is argued that a construction that conventionally occurs with main verbs such as write or speak differs functionally from a construction that typically occurs with verbs such as rain or increase. The same approach is also applied historically: If a construction co-occurs with different main verbs at subsequent stages in time, this is seen as a sign of semantic change.