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Boron Fluoride and Its Compounds as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry deals with the concerns associated with the utilization of boron fluoride as a catalyst. The title provides a comprehensive account of boron fluoride, such as its properties, compounds, and related methodologies. The coverage of the text includes the preparation and recovery of boron fluoride, along with the physical and chemical properties. The selection also covers various boron fluoride compounds and their respective reaction to various processes, such as alkylation, polymerization, and nitration. The book will be of great interest to students, researchers, and practitioners of organic chemistry.
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This comprehensive guide explores the many uses and applications of boron fluoride and its compounds in organic chemistry. With detailed explanations and practical examples, this book is essential for chemists and researchers alike. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Quantitative kinetic data were sought that would explain the mechanism of reactions catalyzed by BF3 compounds. A kinetic method and two model reactions--polymerization of isobutylene and decarbonylation of HC00H--were used to determine (1) the possibility of the catalysis proceeding through the stage of the formation of coordination compounds of BF3 with reagents (aprotonic catalysis) and (2) the nature of the catalytic activity and the amount of such activity of coordination compounds of BF3 with promoters. Aprotonic catalysis was not detected. In all reactions studied, catalysis of complex compounds of BF3 reduced to ordinary acidic catalysis. Compounds of BF3 with ether and with tetrahydrofuran were strong proton acids of a new type, dissociating by way of the C-H bond. The catalytic activity of the complex BF3 compounds was quantitatively determined.
These volumes comprise the proceedings of the major international meeting on catalysis which is held at 4 year intervals. The programme focussed on New Frontiers in Catalysis including nontraditional catalytic materials and environmental catalysis. The contributions cover a wide range of fundamental, applied, industrial and engineering aspects of catalysis. The extensive range of highly efficient industrial techniques for observing and characterizing catalytically important surfaces is evident. The programme covered the following sessions: Mechanism, theory, in situ methods; Catalytic reaction on atomically clean surfaces; Catalytic reaction on zeolites and related substances; New methods and principles for catalyst preparation; Hydrotreatment reactions (HDS, HDN); Characterization of catalysts, application of novel techniques; Selective oxidation; New catalytic aspects of heteropoly acids and related compounds; Reaction of hydrocarbons; Nontraditional catalytic materials; Fuel upgrading; Alkane activation; Acid-base catalysis; New selective catalytic reactons, fine chemicals; Environmental catalysis; Industrial catalysis, deactivation, reactivation; Synthesis from syngas; Electrocatalysis; Photocatalysis. The invited lectures and 433 papers included in these volumes present an update on all areas of catalysis and applications.
Hydrocarbons and their transformations play major roles in chemistry as raw materials and sources of energy. Diminishing petroleum supplies, regulatory problems, and environmental concerns constantly challenge chemists to rethink and redesign the industrial applications of hydrocarbons. Written by Nobel Prize-winner George Olah and hydrocarbon expert Árpád Molnár, the completely revised and expanded Second Edition of Hydrocarbon Chemistry provides an unparalleled contemporary assessment of the field, presenting basic concepts, current research, and future applications. Hydrocarbon Chemistry begins by discussing the general aspects of hydrocarbons, the separation of hydrocarbons from natural sources, and the synthesis from C1 precursors with recent developments for possible future applications. Each successive chapter deals with a specific type of hydrocarbon transformation. The Second Edition includes a new section on the chemical reduction of carbon dioxide–focusing on catalytic, ionic, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and ezymatic reductions–as well as a new chapter on new catalysts and activation methods, combinatorial chemistry, and environmental chemistry. Other topics covered include: Major processes of the petrochemical industry, such as cracking, reforming, isomerization, and alkylation Derivation reactions to form carbon-heteroatom bonds Hydrocarbon oxidations Metathesis Oligomerization and polymerization of hydrocarbons All chapters have been updated by adding sections on recent developments to review new advances and results. Essential reading for practicing scientists in industry, polymer and catalytic chemists, as well as researchers and graduate students, Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Second Edition remains the benchmark text in its field.