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This work explores the contribution of major Latin American theologians to contemporary politics. Aguilar argues that within the Latin American context there has been a rediscovery of a fluid and sometimes contradictory relationship between the practice of religion and the practice of politics. For Christians in that context were forced to respond to a crisis in politics, whereby their own beliefs, practices, and way of life was pushed to the limit by human rights violations and absolutist forms of government. The Christian response was a confrontation against the state, the case of Chile, or a dissenting silence, the case of Argentina. The historical relations between Church and state has been well documented but with the advent of democratic governments and the collapse of socialist regimes in Eastern Europe those narratives were given less attention by theologians and Christians around the globe. However, the basic relations between religion and politics outlined by Gutierrez became the Christian manifesto for Christian actions related to more contemporary problems in Latin America and the Third World: contemporary problems of land ownership, the neo-liberal economic conquest of the Third World, the oppression of women, the destruction of rainforests, global warming, corruption, and indigenous rights. In order to understand what became a Christian manifesto and the influence the pioneers of liberation theology has had on Christian action today one must depart from the well-known first period of Liberation theology - while acknowledging as all formative and seminal for discussions today and in the future.
Reúne 24 trabajos de teóricos de la cultura que se centran en las dos últimas décadas con temas como la hibridez, globalización, postmodernidad, postcolonialidad, género, minorías o transdisciplinariedad.
Is popular culture merely a process of creating, marketing, and consuming a final product, or is it an expression of the artist's surroundings and an attempt to alter them? Noted Argentine/Mexican anthropologist Néstor García Canclini addresses these questions and more in Transforming Modernity, a translation of Las culturas populares en el capitalismo. Based on fieldwork among the Purépecha of Michoacán, Mexico, some of the most talented artisans of the New World, the book is not so much a work of ethnography as of philosophy—a cultural critique of modernism. García Canclini delineates three interpretations of popular culture: spontaneous creation, which posits that artistic expression is the realization of beauty and knowledge; "memory for sale," which holds that original products are created for sale in the imposed capitalist system; and the tourist outlook, whereby collectibles are created to justify development and to provide insight into what capitalism has achieved. Transforming Modernity argues strongly for popular culture as an instrument of understanding, reproducing, and transforming the social system in order to elaborate and construct class hegemony and to reflect the unequal appropriation and distribution of cultural capital. With its wide scope, this book should appeal to readers within and well beyond anthropology—those interested in cultural theory, social thought, and Mesoamerican culture.
The book draws comparison between MERCOSUR and the European Union to explain variation of regionalism and to expose its limits. The project is based on the idea that contemporary examples of regionalism should be evaluated against several propositions of multiple integration theories rather than against a single theory. In order to systematically explain why and how integration outcomes in MERCOSUR differ from those in the EU, the author develops an analytical framework for the comparison of the two blocs. MERCOSUR is compared with the EU by the use of the various criteria of economic interdependence, economic convergence, intra-bloc size and interest asymmetries, cultural diversity and geostrategic motivations, which are identified as the salient parameters of integration theories.