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On acientific method and morphology. The old morphology and the new. Definitions, semantics and heuristics. Phytomorphological schools and morphological traditions. Intricacies of the other disciplines. The beginning. Lines and levels. Axial and lateral organs. Phylogeny of the reproductive region. The outstanding controversy-floral theories. Pseudo-phyllospory. Phylogeny of the megasporangium. Phylogeny of the microsporangium and the stamen. Problems of the polyaxial floral region. A phylogenetic approach to the morphology of seeds and fruits. Gymnosperms and primitive angiosperms.
Anyone interested in comparative biology or the history of science will find this myth-busting work genuinely fascinating. It draws attention to the seminal studies and important advances that have shaped systematic and biogeographic thinking. It traces concepts in homology and classification from the 19th century to the present through the provision of a unique anthology of scientific writings from Goethe, Agassiz, Owen, Naef, Zangerl and Nelson, among others.
Approximately 99% of all life that has ever existed is extinct. Fortunately, these long dead species have left traces of their lives and interactions with other species in the rock record that paleoecologists use to understand how species and ecosystems have changed over time. This record of past life allows us to study the dynamic nature of the Earth and gives context to current and future ecological challenges. This book brings together forty-four classic papers published between 1924 and 1999 that trace the origins and development of paleoecology. The articles cross taxonomic groups, habitat types, geographic areas, and time and have made substantial contributions to our knowledge of the evolution of life. Encompassing the full breadth of paleoecology, the book is divided into six parts: community and ecosystem dynamics, community reconstruction, diversity dynamics, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, species interaction, and taphonomy. Each paper is also introduced by a contemporary expert who gives context and explains its importance to ongoing paleoecological research. A comprehensive introduction to the field, Foundations of Paleoecology will be an essential reference for new students and established paleoecologists alike.
This volume presents the proceedings of a symposium which I organised for the Developmental Section of the Xlllth International Botanical Congress at Sydney, Australia on August 26, 1981. The paper by Professor T. Sachs, which was received too late for inclusion into the symposium at Sydney, was added to these proceedings because of its direct relevancy and importance. The aim of the symposium was to state in an explicit and comprehensive fashion the most basic axioms and principles of plant morphology and morphogenesis. An awareness of these axioms and principles is of paramount importance since they form. the foundations as well as the goal of structural developmental botany. Both teaching and research are predicated on them. The Introduction by the editor briefly examines the meaning of the concepts "axiom", "principle", and "plant construction". The comprehensive paper by Dr. G. Cusset, a unique historical overview, explicates 37 principles of 5 major conceptual systems and many subsystems. The extensive analysis includes a genealogy of ideas and ways of thinking of major authors ranging from philosophers and naturalists of antiquity to recent investigators of plant form and structure. The bibliography of Dr. Cusset I s paper comprises ca. 700 references. The contribution by Professor H. Mohr focusses on modern principles of morphogenesis and provides a penetrating analysis of scientific explanation in developmental biology. The universal principles (laws) described in this paper apply to all living systems, whereas the more specific principles are limited to plants or only higher plants. Professor T.

Proceedings

Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde

Published: 1979

Total Pages: 564


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Reviewers from diverse branches of botany have exerted pressure to have chapters dealing with their field extended. If only to cover his incompetence, the author could not accede to these requests. Nor was it possible to respond to Eastern European urgings to extend the classificatory terminology, especially in ChapterX. He is grateful for indications of factual shortcomings in the chosen field, especially for those by Dr. RUDOLF SCHMID (Ann Arbor), who provided exten sive comment. L. VAN DER PIlL The Hague, spring 1972 Preface to the First Edition The work offered here is a companion volume to the work by K. FAEGRI and 1. VAN DER PIJL, Principles of Pollination Ecology, whim. deals with the preced ing phase of reproduction in plants. In the present work too, the emphasis is on principles and ecology. It is neither an enumeration of mechanisms, nor a compilation of cases. RIDLEY'S monumental work The Dispersal of Plants Throughout the World comprises 700 large pages of small print, and research has proceeded since then. Though this work is more than just a compilation and contains much insight and thoughts on principles in addition to reviews, its completeness hinders its use as a text book. As a reference work, it is unsurpassed and the writer made frequent use of it. The writer paid special attention to functional backgrounds for the use of taxonomists working with "characters" and to biosystematics at the macro-level.
1166 concepts primarily from English-language articles, books, reviews, and histories published through 1979. Includes plant and animal biology; excludes, for the most part, human and behavioral biology. Each entry gives concept and relevant authoritative citations. Many cross references.