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The two volumes together may be described as search for the original ideational foundations of Indian Culture. In one way this work recalls the tradition of Coomaraswamy but seeks to join it to the mainstream of critical history. It argues that the living continuity of Indian Culture is rooted in a unique spiritual vision and social experience. Indian Culture is neither the result of merely accidental happenings through the centuries, nor a mere palimpsest of migrations and invasions. It is, in its essence, a development of foundational ideas constituting a creative matrix. Behind its changing historical forms lies a deep and persistent source of creativity which is spiritual in character. The Present volume I deals with the spiritual vision and symbolic forms. Here is has been upheld that the spiritual vision of India had two original aspects, the integral or synoptic vision of the Vedas, and the Sramanic vision of Transcendence. Purnata and Sunyata constituted the two poles round which Indian spirituality revolved. The author not only elucidates this bipolar matrix of Indian spirituality revolved. The author not only elucidates this bipolar matrix of Indian spiritual praxis or sadhana, but also traces its intricate ancient history. He goes on to trace the great symbolic forms-language, myth, science, literature and art-in which this basic vision expressed itself. In all these areas he brings out the basic general principles expressive of inner consciousness rather than present a mere selection of well-known details.
First published in 1965, The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline is a strikingly original work, the first real cultural history of India. The main features of the Indian character are traced back into remote antiquity as the natural outgrowth of historical process. Did the change from food gathering and the pastoral life to agriculture make new religions necessary? Why did the Indian cities vanish with hardly a trace and leave no memory? Who were the Aryans – if any? Why should Buddhism, Jainism, and so many other sects of the same type come into being at one time and in the same region? How could Buddhism spread over so large a part of Asia while dying out completely in the land of its origin? What caused the rise and collapse of the Magadhan empire; was the Gupta empire fundamentally different from its great predecessor, or just one more ‘oriental despotism’? These are some of the many questions handled with great insight, yet in the simplest terms, in this stimulating work. This book will be of interest to students of history, sociology, archaeology, anthropology, cultural studies, South Asian studies and ethnic studies.
In The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India, the focus of the author is the process of establishment of Hindu-Muslim unity as a result of historical, social and cultural factors over a period of ten centuries. Traversing this era, he reveals how the Muslim rulers contributed to such harmony and how the two cultures exchanged and accepted each other's tenets to enrich and formulate a composite Indian culture. To explore the foundations on which the complex culture of India rests, the author examines the contribution of Sufism which inherently connotes syncretism and tolerance, as well as the simultaneous rise of the Bhakti movement in medieval India. This title is co-published with Aakar Books. Print editions not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)
INDEX UNIT 1 GENERALISATION UNIT 2 CAUSATION UNIT 3 OBJECTIVITY AND INTERPRETATION UNIT 4 HISTORY, IDEOLOGY AND SOCIETY UNIT 5 GRECO-ROMAN TRADITIONS UNIT 6 TRADITIONAL CHINESE HISTORIOGRAPHY UNIT 7 HISTORIOGRAPHICAL TRADITIONS IN EARLY INDIA UNIT 8 MEDIEVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY – WESTERN UNIT 9 MEDIEVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY — ARABIC AND PERSIAN UNIT 10 MEDIEVAL HISTORIOGRAPHY: INDO-PERSIAN UNIT 11 LOCAL HISTORY UNIT 12 POSITIVIST TRADITION UNIT 13 CLASSICAL MARXIST TRADITION UNIT 14 THE ANNALES SCHOOL UNIT 15 RECENT MARXIST APPROACHES UNIT 16 POSTMODERNIST INTERVENTION UNIT 17 GENDER IN HISTORY UNIT 18 RACE IN HISTORY UNIT 19 COLONIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY UNIT 20 NATIONALIST APPROACH UNIT 21 COMMUNALIST TRENDS UNIT 22 MARXIST APPROACH UNIT 23 THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL UNIT 24 HISTORY FROM BELOW UNIT 25 SUBALTERN STUDIES UNIT 26 ECONOMIC HISTORY UNIT 27 PEASANTRY AND WORKING CLASSES UNIT 28 CASTE, TRIBE AND GENDER UNIT 29 RELIGION AND CULTURE UNIT 30 ENVIRONMENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Working within a framework of environmental philosophy and environmental ethics, this book describes and postulates alternative understandings of nature in Indian traditions of thought, particularly philosophy. The interest in alternative conceptualizations of nature has gained significance after many thinkers pointed out that attitudes to the environment are determined to a large extent by our presuppositions of nature. This book is particularly timely from that perspective. It begins with a brief description of the concept of nature and a history of the idea of nature in Western thought. This provides readers with a context to the issues around the concept of nature in environmental philosophy, setting a foundation for further discussion about alternate conceptualizations of nature and their significance. In particular, the work covers a wide array of textual and non-textual sources to link and understand nature from classical Indian philosophical perspectives as well as popular understandings in Indian literary texts and cultural practices. Popular issues in environmental philosophy are discussed in detail, such as: What is ‘nature’ in Indian philosophy? How do people perceive nature through landscape and mythological and cultural narratives? In what ways is nature sacred in India? To make the discussion relevant to contemporary readers, the book includes a section on the ecological and ethical implications of some philosophical concepts and critical perspectives on alternate conceptualizations of nature.
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