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The main purpose of this book is to provide a unified and systematic continuum approach to engineers and applied physicists working on models of deformable welding material. The key concept is to consider the welding material as an thennodynamic system. Significant achievements include thermodynamics, plasticity, fluid flow and numerical methods. Having chosen point of view, this work does not intend to reunite all the information on the welding thermomechanics. The attention is focused on the deformation of welding material and its coupling with thermal effects. Welding is the process where the interrelation of temperature and deformation appears throughout the influence of thermal field on material properties and modification of the extent of plastic zones. Thermal effects can be studied with coupled or uncoupled theories of thermomechanical response. A majority of welding problems can be satisfactorily studied within an uncoupled theory. In such an approach the temperature enters the stress-strain relation through the thennal dilatation and influences the material constants. The heat conduction equation and the relations governing the stress field are considered separately. In welding a material is either in solid or in solid and liquid states. The flow of metal and solidification phenomena make the welding process very complex. The automobile, aircraft, nuclear and ship industries are experiencing a rapidly-growing need for tools to handle welding problems. The effective solutions of complex problems in welding became possible in the last two decades, because of the vigorous development of numerical methods for thermal and mechanical analysis.
This book introduces the fundamental concepts of inverse heat transfer problems. It presents in detail the basic steps of four techniques of inverse heat transfer protocol, as a parameter estimation approach and as a function estimation approach. These techniques are then applied to the solution of the problems of practical engineering interest involving conduction, convection, and radiation. The text also introduces a formulation based on generalized coordinates for the solution of inverse heat conduction problems in two-dimensional regions.
This Handbook provides researchers, faculty, design engineers in industrial R&D, and practicing engineers in the field concise treatments of advanced and more-recently established topics in thermal science and engineering, with an important emphasis on micro- and nanosystems, not covered in earlier references on applied thermal science, heat transfer or relevant aspects of mechanical/chemical engineering. Major sections address new developments in heat transfer, transport phenomena, single- and multiphase flows with energy transfer, thermal-bioengineering, thermal radiation, combined mode heat transfer, coupled heat and mass transfer, and energy systems. Energy transport at the macro-scale and micro/nano-scales is also included. The internationally recognized team of authors adopt a consistent and systematic approach and writing style, including ample cross reference among topics, offering readers a user-friendly knowledgebase greater than the sum of its parts, perfect for frequent consultation. The Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering is ideal for academic and professional readers in the traditional and emerging areas of mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, aerospace engineering, bioengineering, electronics fabrication, energy, and manufacturing concerned with the influence thermal phenomena.
Fundamentals of Evaluation and Diagnostics of Welded Structures provides an essential guide to the key principles and problems involved in the analysis of welded structures. Chapter one discusses design issues, key equations and calculations, and the effects of varied heat sources in relation to the temperature field in welding. Chapter two goes on to explore welding stresses and strains. Fracture mechanics and the load-carrying capacity of welded structures are the focus of chapter three. Chapter four considers diagnostics and prediction of the residual life of welded structures, whilst acoustic emission techniques for the analysis of welded structures are reviewed in chapter five. Finally, chapter six supplies supplementary information on numerical techniques and other tests for welded structures.With its distinguished author and detailed coverage, Fundamentals of evaluation and diagnostics of welded structures is an indispensable guide for welding and structural engineers as well as those researching this important topic.
This book describes and systemizes analytical and numerical solutions for a broad range of instantaneous and continuous, stationary and moving, concentrated and distributed, 1D, 2D and 3D heat sources in semi-infinite bodies, thick plane layers, thin plates and cylinders under various boundary conditions. The analytical solutions were mainly obtained by the superimposing principle for various parts of the proposed 1D, 2D and 3D heat sources and based on the assumption that only heat conduction plays a major role in the thermal analysis of welds. Other complex effects of heat transfer in weld phenomena are incorporated in the solutions by means of various geometrical and energetic parameters of the heat source. The book is divided into 13 chapters. Chapter 1 briefly reviews various welding processes and the energy characteristics of welding heat sources, while Chapter 2 covers the main thermophysical properties of the most commonly used alloys. Chapter 3 describes the physical fundamentals of heat conduction during welding, and Chapter 4 introduces several useful methods for solving the problem of heat conduction in welding. Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the derivation of analytical solutions for many types of heat sources in semi-infinite bodies, thick plane layers, thin plates and cylinders under various boundary conditions. The heat sources can be instantaneous or continuous, stationary or moving, concentrated or distributed (1D, 2D or 3D). In Chapter 7 the temperature field under programmed heat input (pulsed power sources and weaving sources) is analyzed. In turn, Chapters 8 and 9 cover the thermal cycle, melting and solidification of the base metal. Heating and melting of filler metal are considered in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 addresses the formulation and solution of inverse heat conduction problems using zero-, first- and second-order algorithms, while Chapter 12 focuses on applying the solutions developed here to the optimization of welding conditions. In addition, case studies confirm the usefulness and feasibility of the respective solutions. Lastly, Chapter 13 demonstrates the prediction of local microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joint metals, while taking into account their thermal cycle. The book is intended for all researches, welding engineers, mechanical design engineers, research engineers and postgraduate students who deal with problems such as microstructure modeling of welds, analysis of the mechanical properties of welded metals, weldability, residual stresses and distortions, optimization of welding and allied processes (prewelding heating, cladding, thermal cutting, additive technologies, etc.). It also offers a useful reference guide for software engineers who are interested in writing application software for simulating welding processes, microstructure modeling, residual stress analysis of welds, and for robotic-welding control systems.
The main purpose of this book is to provide a unified and systematic continuum approach to engineers and applied physicists working on models of deformable welding material. The key concept is to consider the welding material as an thennodynamic system. Significant achievements include thermodynamics, plasticity, fluid flow and numerical methods. Having chosen point of view, this work does not intend to reunite all the information on the welding thermomechanics. The attention is focused on the deformation of welding material and its coupling with thermal effects. Welding is the process where the interrelation of temperature and deformation appears throughout the influence of thermal field on material properties and modification of the extent of plastic zones. Thermal effects can be studied with coupled or uncoupled theories of thermomechanical response. A majority of welding problems can be satisfactorily studied within an uncoupled theory. In such an approach the temperature enters the stress-strain relation through the thennal dilatation and influences the material constants. The heat conduction equation and the relations governing the stress field are considered separately. In welding a material is either in solid or in solid and liquid states. The flow of metal and solidification phenomena make the welding process very complex. The automobile, aircraft, nuclear and ship industries are experiencing a rapidly-growing need for tools to handle welding problems. The effective solutions of complex problems in welding became possible in the last two decades, because of the vigorous development of numerical methods for thermal and mechanical analysis.
Almost all welding technology depends upon the use of concentrated energy sources to fuse or soften the material locally at the joint, before such energy can be diffused or dispersed elsewhere. Although comprehensive treatments of transient heat flow as a controlling influence have been developed progressively and published over the past forty years, the task of uniting the results compactly within a textbook has become increasingly formidable. With the comparative scarcity of such works, welding engineers have been denied the full use of powerful design analysis tools. During the past decade Dr Radaj has prepared to fulfil this need, working from a rich experience as pioneer researcher and teacher, co-operator with Professor Argyris at Stuttgart University in developing the finite element method for stress analysis of aircraft and power plant structures, and more recently as expert consultant on these and automotive structures at Daimler Benz. His book appeared in 1988 in the German language, and this updated English language edition will significantly increase the availability of the work.
This book presents a solution for direct and inverse heat conduction problems, discussing the theoretical basis for the heat transfer process and presenting selected theoretical and numerical problems in the form of exercises with solutions. The book covers one-, two- and three dimensional problems which are solved by using exact and approximate analytical methods and numerical methods. An accompanying CD-Rom includes computational solutions of the examples and extensive FORTRAN code.
An advanced yet accessible treatment of the welding process and its underlying science. Despite the critically important role welding plays in nearly every type of human endeavor, most books on this process either focus on basic technical issues and leave the science out, or vice versa. In Principles of Welding, industry expert and prolific technical speaker Robert W. Messler, Jr. takes an integrated approach--presenting a comprehensive, self-contained treatment of the welding process along with the underlying physics, chemistry, and metallurgy of weld formation. Promising to become the standard text and reference in the field, this book provides an unprecedented broad coverage of the underlying physics and the mechanics of solidification--including peritectic and eutectic reactions--and emphasizes material continuity and bonding as a way to create a joint between materials of the same general class. The author supplements the book with hundreds of tables and illustrations, and correlates the science to welding practices in the real world. Principles of Welding departs from existing books with its clear, unambiguous presentation, which is easily grasped even by undergraduate students, yet given at the advanced level required by experienced engineers.