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The properties of fuel oils. The possibilities and limitations of each grade. Methods which can be used to assure uniform quality and efficient combustion. Fuel oil impurities and how they affect combustion. How to diagnose and solve problems. This book is a Print-on-Demand edition. It replaces ISBN 978-0-8311-0205-0. This standard reference presents a broad scope of fuel oil technology. It uses both English and Metric units throughout. Chemistry of Petroleum Petroleum Refining Processes Grades and Types of Fuel Oils Gravity Heat of Combustion Viscosity Water and Sediment Carbon Residue Ash and Salt Residue Flash and Fire Points Pour Point Sulfur Color Fuel Oil Distillates Preheating of Fuel Oils Sampling Storage Tanks Stability of Fuel Oils Fuel Oil Treatments Reclaimed Fuel Oils Blending of Oils Transportation and Storage Troubles and Causes Stand-by Fuel Oil Diesel Fuel Oils Index
Introduces the reader to the production of the products in a refinery • Introduces the reader to the types of test methods applied to petroleum products, including the need for specifications • Provides detailed explanations for accurately analyzing and characterizing modern petroleum products • Rewritten to include new and evolving test methods • Updates on the evolving test methods and new test methods as well as the various environmental regulations are presented
With production from unconventional rigs continuing to escalate and refineries grappling with the challenges of shale and heavier oil feedstocks, petroleum engineers and refinery managers must ensure that equipment used with today's crude oil is protected from fouling deposits Crude Oil Fouling addresses this overarching challenge for the petroleum community with clear explanations on what causes fouling, current models and new approaches to evaluate and study the formation of deposits, and how today's models could be applied from lab experiment to onsite field usability for not just the refinery, but for the rig, platform, or pipeline. Crude Oil Fouling is a must-have reference for every petroleum engineer's library that gives the basic framework needed to analyze, model, and integrate the best fouling strategies and operations for crude oil systems. - Defines the most critical variables and events that cause fouling - Explains the consequences of fouling and its impact on operations, safety, and economics - Provides the technical models available to better predict and eliminate the potential for fouling in any crude system
Essential for all vessels who wish to enter an Emission Control Area, are at berth in a United Kingdom port, or a UK passenger ship operating in UK waters and controlled waters or any other passenger ship which calls at a port in the UK. The Merchant Shipping (prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) Regulation 2008, as amended, require that the master of a ship to which the regulations apply make a record to demonstrate compliance for any ship using separate fuel oils and make a record of any fuel changeover operation. The master of a ship to which the regulations apply is required to make a record: (a) in the case of a UK ship, in a log book in the format prescribed in Appendix 6 to Merchant Shipping Notice 1819 (M+F); (b) in the case of any other ship, in a ship's log book. This log book has been approved by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency for use on United Kingdom ships when recording the use of maritime fuel oil in accordance with the requirements of Annex VI of MARPOL and for ships at berth in United Kingdom ports in accordance with EU Directive 199/32/EC, as amended by Directive 2005/33/EC regarding the sulphur content of marine fuels.
Modern gas turbine power plants represent one of the most efficient and economic conventional power generation technologies suitable for large-scale and smaller scale applications. Alongside this, gas turbine systems operate with low emissions and are more flexible in their operational characteristics than other large-scale generation units such as steam cycle plants. Gas turbines are unrivalled in their superior power density (power-to-weight) and are thus the prime choice for industrial applications where size and weight matter the most. Developments in the field look to improve on this performance, aiming at higher efficiency generation, lower emission systems and more fuel-flexible operation to utilise lower-grade gases, liquid fuels, and gasified solid fuels/biomass. Modern gas turbine systems provides a comprehensive review of gas turbine science and engineering.The first part of the book provides an overview of gas turbine types, applications and cycles. Part two moves on to explore major components of modern gas turbine systems including compressors, combustors and turbogenerators. Finally, the operation and maintenance of modern gas turbine systems is discussed in part three. The section includes chapters on performance issues and modelling, the maintenance and repair of components and fuel flexibility.Modern gas turbine systems is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with gas turbine power plants and researchers, scientists and students interested in the field. - Provides a comprehensive review of gas turbine systems and fundamentals of a cycle - Examines the major components of modern systems, including compressors, combustors and turbines - Discusses the operation and maintenance of component parts
Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.