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The aim of this work, consisting of 9 individual, self-contained booklets, is to describe commercial vehicle technology in a way that is clear, concise and illustrative. Compact and easy to understand, it provides an overview of the technology that goes into modern commercial vehicles. Starting from the customer's fundamental requirements, the characteristics and systems that define the design of the vehicles are presented knowledgeably in a series of articles, each of which can be read and studied on their own. In this volume, Fuel Consumption and Consumption Optimization, the main focus is placed on the factors for optimizing consumption in the conventional vehicle. Fuel consumption can be optimized by four different factors: the technology of the vehicle, the conditions of its operation, the behavior of the driver and the maintenance and upkeep of the vehicle. These aspects are described in a way that is easily understood for training and practical application.
This book provides a concise introduction to the behavior of mechanical structures and testing their stochastic stability under the influence of noise. It explains the physical effects of noise and in particular the concept of Gaussian white noise. In closing, the book explains how to model the effects of noise on mechanical structures, and how to nullify / compensate for it by designing effective controllers.
Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
The authors of this text have written a comprehensive introduction to the modeling and optimization problems encountered when designing new propulsion systems for passenger cars. It is intended for persons interested in the analysis and optimization of vehicle propulsion systems. Its focus is on the control-oriented mathematical description of the physical processes and on the model-based optimization of the system structure and of the supervisory control algorithms.
The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
This volume presents the selected papers of the First International Conference on Fundamental Research in Electrical Engineering, held at Khwarazmi University, Tehran, Iran in July, 2017. The selected papers cover the whole spectrum of the main four fields of Electrical Engineering (Electronic, Telecommunications, Control, and Power Engineering).
Vehicle Power Management addresses the challenge of improving vehicle fuel economy and reducing emissions without sacrificing vehicle performance, reliability and durability. It opens with the definition, objectives, and current research issues of vehicle power management, before moving on to a detailed introduction to the modeling of vehicle devices and components involved in the vehicle power management system, which has been proven to be the most cost-effective and efficient method for initial-phase vehicle research and design. Specific vehicle power management algorithms and strategies, including the analytical approach, optimal control, intelligent system approaches and wavelet technology, are derived and analyzed for realistic applications. Vehicle Power Management also gives a detailed description of several key technologies in the design phases of hybrid electric vehicles containing battery management systems, component optimization, hardware-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop. Vehicle Power Management provides graduate and upper level undergraduate students, engineers, and researchers in both academia and the automotive industry, with a clear understanding of the concepts, methodologies, and prospects of vehicle power management.
The aim of this work, consisting of 9 individual, self-contained booklets, is to describe commercial vehicle technology in a way that is clear, concise and illustrative. Compact and easy to understand, it provides an overview of the technology that goes into modern commercial vehicles. Starting from the customer's fundamental requirements, the characteristics and systems that define the design of the vehicles are presented knowledgeably in a series of articles, each of which can be read and studied on their own. The target groups Participants in master classes and those studying individual aspects of commercial vehicle technology Professors and lecturers instructing in the field of commercial vehicle technology Consultants and experts who need background knowledge and technical expertise regarding commercial vehicle technology Personnel working in the commercial vehicle technology or supply industry who are assigned to a new work area Cost planners and logistics companies The Authors Dr. Michael Hilgers is Head of the Department of CAE Computation for Vehicle Functions in Commercial Vehicle Development at Mercedes-Benz Trucks. Dr. Wilfried Achenbach has worked in the automotive industry for over 30 years. He is currently Head of Development at Daimler Trucks North America.
In the realm of civil aviation, the sky is hardly the limit. It’s the starting line. Each day, countless professionals and enthusiasts alike engage with this dynamic sector, propelling humanity literally into new horizons. However, as we soar into these vast expanses, the necessity for a robust understanding and a shared language becomes not just beneficial, but vital. It's here that The Dictionary of Civil Aviation finds its wings, offering a solid ground of knowledge amidst the boundless skies of aviation exploration. With a reservoir of 4,681 meticulously curated entries, this dictionary stands as a testament to the colossal body of knowledge that civil aviation encompasses. It's an endeavor to foster a shared understanding, to bridge the knowledge gaps that might exist between a seasoned aviator and an aviation student, between air traffic controllers and airport managers, or between aviation policymakers and enthusiasts. The Dictionary of Civil Aviation is more than just a glossary; it’s a journey. A journey through the technicalities that ensure safety in the skies, the regulations that govern our airways, the acronyms that punctuate aviation communication, and the innovations that continue to drive this sector forward. Each term encapsulated in this dictionary is a node in the vast network that is civil aviation, offering readers a structured pathway through the complex, yet exhilarating world of flight. The objective is clear: to foster a culture of continuous learning and shared understanding within the civil aviation community. By doing so, we not only enhance the safety and efficiency of civil aviation but also honor the spirit of exploration and innovation that has always been its hallmark. As you flip through the pages of The Dictionary of Civil Aviation, you are not just encountering definitions; you are engaging with the living, evolving entity that is civil aviation. Each term is a window into a broader narrative, a narrative that you, as a reader and as a member of the civil aviation community, contribute to. We invite you to embark on this educational expedition, to delve into the nuances of civil aviation, and to emerge with a richer understanding and appreciation of the sector that makes global connectivity possible. Through this dictionary, may your curiosity take flight, and may your understanding of civil aviation soar to new heights.