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Subtropical regions are the areas experiencing hot summer and cold or frosty winters. Such regions lie between the temperate and tropical latitudes on the south and north of the equator. Under the NW sub-Himalayan conditions and in the adjoining plains, frost is a serious threat, especially for fruit crop cultivation. The cultivation of evergreen subtropical plants always remains under the threat of frost damage. Agricultural research has made significant advances in crop production practices but the technology for effective frost protection is still lacking. Scientists worldwide are working with enthusiasm, tenacity and dedication to keep up with this threat. This book is a collection of information developed by the author and by others across the globe on the management of frosty situations. It is an initiative for developing understanding amongst the masses about frost, frost-induced freezing and options which can be explored for mitigating its ill effects. Besides giving an overview of frost and its impact on subtropical fruit plantations, this book is an attempt to convey a simplified version of the information on orchard energy balance, mechanism of damage to plant tissues and biomolecular aspects of plant defence. Keeping growers' perspectives in mind, the practical aspects and elaborations derived from open field studies have been duly considered while describing the frost sensitivity of crops, damage symptoms, frost prediction, delineation of frost-prone areas, and frost impact mitigation. The book is therefore a comprehensive narrative of theoretical and practical aspects of frost and its impact mitigation.
This book offers a state-of-the-art overview of on abiotic stresses in terms of the challenges; scope and opportunities; copping strategies for adaptation and mitigation using novel tools for building resilience in agricultural crops and livestock; as well as for policy implementation. Divided into four major parts: advances and prospects for understanding stress environments; adaptation and mitigation options; crop-based mitigation strategies; and mitigation options in animal husbandry, the book focuses on problem-solving approaches and techniques that are essential for the medium to long-term sustainability of agricultural production systems The synthesis and integration of knowledge and experiences of specialists from different disciplines offers new perspectives in the versatile field of abiotic stress management, and as such is useful for various stakeholders, including agricultural students, scientists, environmentalists, policymakers, and social scientists.
This book deals with an array of topics in the broad area of biotic stress responses in plants focusing “problems and their management” by selecting some of the widely investigated themes. Such as, Major insect-pest of cereal crops in India and their management, Biotic stresses of major pulse crops and their management strategies, Insect pest of oilseed crops and their management, Biotic stresses of vegetable crops & their management, Insect pests infesting major vegetable crops and their management strategies, Fruit Crops Insect pests and their Biointensive Integrated Pest Management techniques, Mass Trapping of fruit flies using Methyl Eugenol based Traps, Organic means of combating biotic stresses in plants, Nematode problem in pulses and their management, and approaches in pest management of stored grain pests. This book is useful for under-graduate and post-graduate students in Entomology, Plant Pathology, Agronomy, Horticulture, other cognate disciplines of agriculture and allied sciences and other research workers. We fervently believe that this book will provide good information and understanding of biotic stress problems and their management in plants.
Stress Tolerance in Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies explores concepts, strategies and recent advancements in the area of abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops, highlighting the latest advances in molecular breeding, genome sequencing and functional genomics approaches. Further sections present specific insights on different aspects of abiotic stress tolerance from classical breeding, hybrid breeding, speed breeding, epigenetics, gene/quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, transgenics, physiological and biochemical approaches to OMICS approaches, including functional genomics, proteomics and genomics assisted breeding. Due to constantly changing environmental conditions, abiotic stress such as high temperature, salinity and drought are being understood as an imminent threat to horticultural crops, including their detrimental effects on plant growth, development, reproduction, and ultimately, on yield. This book offers a comprehensive resource on new developments that is ideal for anyone working in the field of abiotic stress management in horticultural crops, including researchers, students and educators. - Describes advances in whole genome and next generation sequencing approaches for breeding climate smart horticultural crops - Details advanced germplasm tolerance to abiotic stresses screened in the recent past and their performance - Includes advancements in OMICS approaches in horticultural crops
Effective fruit production requires general knowledge of fruit husbandry in areas such as nutrition, propagation, pruning and training, effects of climate and crop protection, as well as specific cultivation techniques for each fruit. Fully revised and expanded to include organic fruit production, this new edition provides a thorough introduction to the cultivation of fruit found throughtout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world.
Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
This new volume is a rich and comprehensive resource of the basic information and latest developments and research efforts on tropical and subtropical fruits. It presents an extensive overview of crop production techniques, processing, marketing, breeding efforts, harvesting, postharvest handling, pest and disease management, and more of banana, citrus, durian, grapes, guava, jackfruit, litchi, mango, and papaya.
Introduction: botany and importance. Taxonomy and systematics. Important mango cultivars and their descriptors. Breeding and genetics. Reproductive physiology. Ecophysiology. Fruit diseases. Foliar, floral and soilborne diseases. Physiological disorders. Pests. Crop production: propagation. Crop production: mineral nutrition. Crop production management. Postharvest physiology. Postharvest technology and quarantine treatments. World mango trade and the economics of mango production. Fruit processing. Biotechnology.
Abiotic stress cause changes in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum and is responsible for reduced yield in several major crops. Therefore, the subject of abiotic stress response in plants - metabolism, productivity and sustainability - is gaining considerable significance in the contemporary world. Abiotic stress is an integral part of “climate change,” a complex phenomenon with a wide range of unpredictable impacts on the environment. Prolonged exposure to these abiotic stresses results in altered metabolism and damage to biomolecules. Plants evolve defense mechanisms to tolerate these stresses by upregulation of osmolytes, osmoprotectants, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, etc. This volume deals with abiotic stress-induced morphological and anatomical changes, abberations in metabolism, strategies and approaches to increase salt tolerance, managing the drought stress, sustainable fruit production and postharvest stress treatments, role of glutathione reductase, flavonoids as antioxidants in plants, the role of salicylic acid and trehalose in plants, stress-induced flowering. The role of soil organic matter in mineral nutrition and fatty acid profile in response to heavy metal stress are also dealt with. Proteomic markers for oxidative stress as a new tools for reactive oxygen species and photosynthesis research, abscisic acid signaling in plants are covered with chosen examples. Stress responsive genes and gene products including expressed proteins that are implicated in conferring tolerance to the plant are presented. Thus, this volume would provides the reader with a wide spectrum of information including key references and with a large number of illustrations and tables. Dr. Parvaiz is Assistant Professor in Botany at A.S. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. He has completed his post-graduation in Botany in 2000 from Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India. After his Ph.D from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India in 2007 he joined the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi. He has published more than 20 research papers in peer reviewed journals and 4 book chapters. He has also edited a volume which is in press with Studium Press Pvt. India Ltd., New Delhi, India. Dr. Parvaiz is actively engaged in studying the molecular and physio-biochemical responses of different plants (mulberry, pea, Indian mustard) under environmental stress. Prof. M.N.V. Prasad is a Professor in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Hyderabad, India. He received B.Sc. (1973) and M.Sc. (1975) degrees from Andhra University, India, and the Ph.D. degree (1979) in botany from the University of Lucknow, India. Prasad has published 216 articles in peer reviewed journals and 82 book chapters and conference proceedings in the broad area of environmental botany and heavy metal stress in plants. He is the author, co-author, editor, or co-editor for eight books. He is the recipient of Pitamber Pant National Environment Fellowship of 2007 awarded by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.