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The four-week period fran May 20 to June 16, 1984 was an intensive period of advanced study on the foundations and frontiers of nonequili brium statistical physics (NSP). During the first two weeks of this period, an advanced-study course on the "Foundations of NSP" was con ducted in Albuquerque under the sponsorship of the University of New Mexico Center for High-Technology Materials. This was followed by a two-week NATO Advanced Study Insti tute on the "Frontiers of NSP" in Santa Fe under the same directorship. Many Students attended both meetings. This book comprises proceedings based on those lectures and covering a broad spectrum of topics in NSP ranging fran basic problems in quantum measurement theory to analogies between lasers and Darwinian evolution. The various types of quantum distribution functions and their uses are treated by several authors. other tools of NSP, such as Langevin equations, Fokker-Planck equations, and master equations, are developed and applied to areas such as laser physics, plasma physics, Brownian motion, and hydrodynamic instabilities. The properties and experimental detection of squeezed states and antibunching are described, as well as experimental tests of the violation of Bell's inequality. Information theory, mean-field theory, reservoir theory, entropy maximization, and even a novel nonlinear generalization of quantum mechanics are used to discuss nonequilibrium phenanena and the approach toward thermodynamic equilibrium.
Groundbreaking monograph by Nobel Prize winner for researchers and graduate students covers Liouville equation, anharmonic solids, Brownian motion, weakly coupled gases, scattering theory and short-range forces, general kinetic equations, more. 1962 edition.
A comprehensive and pedagogical text on nonequilibrium statistical physics, covering topics from random walks to pattern formation.
This is a presentation of the main ideas and methods of modern nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It is the perfect introduction for anyone in chemistry or physics who needs an update or background in this time-dependent field. Topics covered include fluctuation-dissipation theorem; linear response theory; time correlation functions, and projection operators. Theoretical models are illustrated by real-world examples and numerous applications such as chemical reaction rates and spectral line shapes are covered. The mathematical treatments are detailed and easily understandable and the appendices include useful mathematical methods like the Laplace transforms, Gaussian random variables and phenomenological transport equations.
Statistical mechanics provides a framework for relating the properties of macroscopic systems (large collections of atoms, such as in a solid) to the microscopic properties of its parts. However, what happens when macroscopic systems are not in thermal equilibrium, where time is not only a relevant variable, but also essential? That is the province of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics – there are many ways for systems to be out of equilibrium! The subject is governed by fewer general principles than equilibrium statistical mechanics and consists of a number of different approaches for describing nonequilibrium systems. Financial markets are analyzed using methods of nonequilibrium statistical physics, such as the Fokker-Planck equation. Any system of sufficient complexity can be analyzed using the methods of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The Boltzmann equation is used frequently in the analysis of systems out of thermal equilibrium, from electron transport in semiconductors to modeling the early Universe following the Big Bang. This book provides an accessible yet very thorough introduction to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, building on the author's years of teaching experience. Covering a broad range of advanced, extension topics, it can be used to support advanced courses on statistical mechanics, or as a supplementary text for core courses in this field. Key Features: Features a clear, accessible writing style which enables the author to take a sophisticated approach to the subject, but in a way that is suitable for advanced undergraduate students and above Presents foundations of probability theory and stochastic processes and treats principles and basic methods of kinetic theory and time correlation functions Accompanied by separate volumes on thermodynamics and equilibrium statistical mechanics, which can be used in conjunction with this book
In these proceedings, it is shown that thermodynamical concepts are not ‘old fashioned’ but still are most useful at the frontiers of modern science. Among the contributors are well-known experts such as Andresen (Copenhagen), Eu (Montreal), Groβmann (Marburg), Kawasaki (Fuhuoha), Maugin (Paris), Nicolis (Bruxelles) and Szépfalusy (Budapest). The subject covers a wide field including: recent developments in phenomenological thermodynamics, statistical foundation of thermodynamical concepts, thermodynamical concepts in nonlinear dynamics, applications to nonlinear (neural) networks, stochastic theory and transition processes.
This book deals with the basic principles and techniques of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The importance of this subject is growing rapidly in view of the advances being made, both experimentally and theoretically, in statistical physics, chemical physics, biological physics, complex systems and several other areas. The presentation of topics is quite self-contained, and the choice of topics enables the student to form a coherent picture of the subject. The approach is unique in that classical mechanical formulation takes center stage. The book is of particular interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in engineering departments.
This volume provides a systematic mathematical exposition of the conceptual problems of nonequilibrium statistical physics, such as entropy production, irreversibility, and ordered phenomena. Markov chains, diffusion processes, and hyperbolic dynamical systems are used as mathematical models of physical systems. A measure-theoretic definition of entropy production rate and its formulae in various cases are given. It vanishes if and only if the stationary system is reversible and in equilibrium. Moreover, in the cases of Markov chains and diffusion processes on manifolds, it can be expressed in terms of circulations on directed cycles. Regarding entropy production fluctuations, the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem is rigorously proved.