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At the beginning of the 9th century, the growing population of the three great branches of the Scandinavian race who peopled the countries abutting the Baltic - the Norsemen or Northmen, the Swedes, and the Danes - began a great outward movement which was caused both by political changes and their enterprising nature. Thus the 9th century came to be known as the Age of the Vikings, Vikinga-Old. The Danish emigration directed its course to the north-east of England. The second migration was Norse, whose settlers gradually peopled the coasts of Ireland, northern Scotland, and the Isle of Man. They left a lasting linguistic heritage. This book is a glossary of words in the various languages of Britain and Ireland which owe their origin to the intrepid raiders and merchants of Scandinavia.
Eight stories of Anglo-Saxon times when raiders came from the North, and Paganism and Christianity struggled for recognition.
Diarmaid O Muirithe's column Words We Use was a feature of The Irish Times over many years and has formed a critically acclaimed book of the same name. Words We Don't Use (much anymore) is a highly entertaining compendium of words which are either on the brink of extinction or have already been deemed obsolete by the great dictionaries. O' Muirithe's gentle and witty style reveals his vast knowledge and scholarship in an accessible way. Inside you will find words such as manable, meaning a girl of marriageable age, and adamite, a person who appears nude in public, among many others that you might want to casually drop into your everyday conversation! Words We Don't Use is a wordsmith's delight
Join Professor Helen Vendler in her course lecture on the Yeats poem "Among School Children." View her insightful and passionate analysis along with a condensed reading and student comments on the course. Poet and critic are well met, as one of our best writers on poetry takes up one of the world's great poets. Where other books on the Nobel laureate Seamus Heaney have dwelt chiefly on the biographical, geographical, and political aspects of his writing, this book looks squarely and deeply at Heaney's poetry as art. A reading of the poet's development over the past thirty years, Seamus Heaney tells a story of poetic inventiveness, of ongoing experimentation in form and expression. It is an inspired and nuanced portrait of an Irish poet of public as well as private life, whose work has given voice to his troubled times. With characteristic discernment and eloquence, Helen Vendler traces Heaney's invention as it evolves from his beginnings in Death of a Naturalist (1966) through his most recent volume, The Spirit Level (1996). In sections entitled "Second Thoughts," she considers an often neglected but crucial part of Heaney's evolving talent: self-revision. Here we see how later poems return to the themes or genres of the earlier volumes, and reconceive them in light of the poet's later attitudes or techniques. Vendler surveys all of Heaney's efforts in the classical forms--genre scene, elegy, sonnet, parable, confessional poem, poem of perception--and brings to light his aesthetic and moral attitudes. Seamus Heaney's development as a poet is inextricably connected to the violent struggle that has racked Northern Ireland. Vendler shows how, from one volume to the next, Heaney has maintained vigilant attention toward finding a language for his time--"symbols adequate for our predicament," as he has said. The worldwide response to those discovered symbols suggests that their relevance extends far beyond this moment.
A cache of over 100 gold, silver and other items, the richest collection of rare and unique Viking-age objects ever found in Britain or Ireland, was unearthed by a metal detectorist in 2014. A large fundraising campaign ensured that what has come to be known as 'the Galloway Hoard' was saved for the nation. Having lain undiscovered since the beginning of the 10th century, it now provides an extremely rare opportunity to research and reveal many lost aspects of the Viking Age. There is a chance to see the treasure at the National Museum of Scotland 18 February - 18 October 21. The exhibition will subsequently go on tour to Kirkcudbright, Aberdeen and Dundee.The accompanying book places the hoard in a wider historical context and showcases the conservation and research work currently being undertaken to understand the hoard and its secrets. Exhibition: National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK (29.05.-12.09.2021) / Kirkcudbright Galleries, UK (10.2021) / Aberdeen Archives, UK (2022).
The paperback version of the a revised and expanded edition of the standard dictionary in the field. Dolan s seminal work has established its pre-eminent position as the leading reference authority on the form of English spoken in Ireland. "
This volume is one of the first detailed expositions of the history of different varieties of English. It explores language variation and varieties of English from an historical perspective, covering theoretical topics such as diffusion and supraregionalization as well as concrete descriptions of the internal and external historical developments of more than a dozen varieties of English.
Reading the Runes in Old English and Old Norse Poetry is the first book-length study to compare responses to runic heritage in the literature of Anglo-Saxon England and medieval Iceland. The Anglo-Saxon runic script had already become the preserve of antiquarians at the time the majority of Old English poetry was written down, and the Icelanders recording the mythology associated with the script were at some remove from the centres of runic practice in medieval Scandinavia. Both literary cultures thus inherited knowledge of the runic system and the traditions associated with it, but viewed this literate past from the vantage point of a developed manuscript culture. There has, as yet, been no comprehensive study of poetic responses to this scriptural heritage, which include episodes in such canonical texts as Beowulf, the Old English riddles and the poems of the Poetic Edda. By analysing the inflection of the script through shared literary traditions, this study enhances our understanding of the burgeoning of literary self-awareness in early medieval vernacular poetry and the construction of cultural memory, and furthers our understanding of the relationship between Anglo-Saxon and Norse textual cultures. The introduction sets out in detail the rationale for examining runes in poetry as a literary motif and surveys the relevant critical debates. The body of the volume is comprised of five linked case studies of runes in poetry, viewing these representations through the paradigm of scriptural reconstruction and the validation of contemporary literary, historical and religious sensibilities.
"The Qualls Concise English Grammar "is a text that treats specifically of North American English. American-Canadian English-"ACE"-is both the native dialect of the predominant majority (almost 74%) of native English speakers, and is the standard for International Business. "ACE "is the oldest dialect of English, preserving capabilities and distinctions of vocabulary that have been lost in British English and other dialects. "ACE" is, in fact, closer (particularly in grammar and pronunciation) to the language of Shakespeare than is modern British English. This grammar is written to the traditional standards of English teaching, in which understandability and correctness took precedence over the pseudo-psychology of undisciplinable self-esteem-ism. The grammar starts with a quick, high-level survey of the English language, aspects of its history and dialects. Then it presents schemas of the parts of speech and aspects of each that will be treated in the text. The grammar itself proceeds through each part of speech, starting with general descriptions and progressing to more detailed points and explanations. After this, aspects of the sentence are covered, followed by concise rules for capitalization and punctuation. Within the section for each part of speech and for the sentence are given points of correct or suggested usage. Copious examples are given for each description, rule or suggestion. The final part of the text covers Structural analysis of sentences and the clauses of which they are constructed. Parsing is treated first, with parsed selections taken from the examples given in the Grammar portion of the text. After that, extensive instructions are given for traditional diagramming and for an updated adaptation of traditional diagramming called "Qualls Concise Diagramming." "QCD" is built on the constructs of Reed/Kellogg diagramming, but incorporates improvements, in particular to representation of compound and complex components that too often resulted in indistinct representation or in spaghettification of the traditional diagrams. This book is an excellent study aid for the higher levels of grade school, for middle school, high school and even college students. It is vital for anyone whose job depends on the quality and effectiveness of their use of English, that is, all those in business, in broadcasting and those involved in writing, whether that be informal, commercial or literary. The book's extremely thorough presentation of diagramming will please those Americans who have become frustrated with the horrible decline both in standards of teaching materials and in the thoroughness of grammatical instruction. These will want to get copies to give to those friends and family members preparing for college entrance tests or for jobs that are highly language influenced or dependent.