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Long-Term Performance and Durability of Masonry Structures: Degradation Mechanisms, Health Monitoring and Service Life Design focuses on the long-term performance of masonry and historical structures. The book covers a wide range of related topics, including degradation mechanisms in different masonry types, structural health monitoring techniques, and long-term performance and service life design approaches. Each chapter reflects recent findings and the state-of-the-art, providing practical guidelines. Key topics covered include the theoretical background, transport properties, testing and modeling, protective measures and standards and codes. The book's focus is on individual construction materials, the composite system and structural performance. - Covers all issues related to durability, including degradation mechanisms, testing and design, monitoring and service life design - Focuses on different masonry construction types - Presents a 'one-stop' reference for advanced postgraduate courses that focuses on the durability of masonry and historical constructions
The purpose of Fitness-for-Service Fracture Assessment of Structures Containing Cracks is to facilitate the use of fracture mechanics based failure assessment procedures for the evaluation and design of structures and components. All practical structures contain flaws and the optimum combination of cost efficiency and safety whilst achieving the required capability, can only be realised by using state of the art methods such as that represented by the European flaw assessment method SINTAP/FITNET to analyse the safety risk. This book is written by practitioners with extensive experience in both the development and use of integrity assessment methods and provides comprehensive information on the basic principles and use of analytical flaw assessment. It provides an introduction to the method, its background, how it can be applied, its potential and, importantly, its limitations. The explanations are complimented by using a large number of worked examples and validation exercises which illustrate all aspects of the procedure. In addition, for students and engineers who are new to the subject, a comprehensive glossary of basic terms used in fracture mechanics based integrity evaluations is included. The topics addressed include: - Crack driving force (CDF) and failure assessment diagram (FAD) type analyses - Preparation of the input parameters (crack dimensions, stress-strain properties, fracture toughness, statistical aspects) - Determination of the model parameters, (stress intensity factor and yield load solutions) - Treatment of combined primary and secondary loading, together with residual stress effects - Analysis of the effect of constraint effects (treatment of small defects and section size effects) - Treatment of mixed mode loading - Consideration of the influences of strength mismatch - Reliability aspects - Comprehensive description of the use of structural integrity methods to optimise cost effectiveness and safety - Detailed description of how to evaluate the integrity of structures containing cracks - Valuable background information for understanding the methods, their potential and limitations - Large number of worked examples, which demonstrate all aspects of the methods - Descriptive, readable writing style - Applicable to a wide range of interests, from the student (university or self study) to the expert who requires a 'state of the art' document
Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.
This second volume of the Handbook presents professional surveys of all the important topics in urban economics. The first section contains 6 surveys on locational analysis, the second, 5 surveys of specific urban markets, and the third part presents 5 surveys of government policy issues. The book brings together exhaustive research by distinguished scholars from many countries. It is the only complete survey volume of urban economics and should serve as a reference volume to scholars and graduate students for many years. For more information on the Handbooks in Economics series, please see our home page on http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/hes
The Code of federal regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal register by the executive departments and agencies of the federal government.