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Dr. John E. Foster spent many years researching and interpreting the Metis, continually re-examining his own thinking about the fur trade and the West, trying to find new lines of inquiry across disciplinary boundaries, and, playing with ideas that re-imagined the Canadian West. In From Rupert's Land to Canada, in tribute to John's work, his friends and colleagues further explore themes related to "Native History and the Fur Trade," "Metis History," and the "Imagined West". Contributors include Michael Payne, Nicole St-Onge, Jan Grabowski, Jennifer Brown, Heather Rollason, Frits Pannekoek, Heather Devine, Gerhard Ens, Gerry Friesen, Ted Binnema, Ian MacLaren, Rod Macleod, Tom Flanagan and Glen Campbell.
This book interrogates how districts were used in British North America to inspect, and document indigenous people by the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC). In particular, it examines how the HBC utilized districts to create a political geography that allowed for closer surveillance of indigenous people and stabilized debt. An initial examination of how the district was used to rework earlier 18th-century conducts of observation into the more ordered and spatially limited regime of inspection is undertaken, followed by an investigation of how the district became central to the HBC’s efforts to limit the movement of indigenous people, individualize hunters, and spur ‘industriousness’. The book points to how districts became key to a number of colonial projects, laying the infrastructure for the modern reserve system in Canada. In this sense, the book provides a critical genealogy of how the command of space and social vision shaped Canada’s colonial geography.
A collection of letters that document the experiences of a 'lowland' Scottish family in North America, as well as happenings at the administrative center of the Hudson's Bay Company fur trade.
The first book to examine the role of Canada’s newspapers in perpetuating the myth of Native inferiority. Seeing Red is a groundbreaking study of how Canadian English-language newspapers have portrayed Aboriginal peoples from 1869 to the present day. It assesses a wide range of publications on topics that include the sale of Rupert’s Land, the signing of Treaty 3, the North-West Rebellion and Louis Riel, the death of Pauline Johnson, the outing of Grey Owl, the discussions surrounding Bill C-31, the “Bended Elbow” standoff at Kenora, Ontario, and the Oka Crisis. The authors uncover overwhelming evidence that the colonial imaginary not only thrives, but dominates depictions of Aboriginal peoples in mainstream newspapers. The colonial constructs ingrained in the news media perpetuate an imagined Native inferiority that contributes significantly to the marginalization of Indigenous people in Canada. That such imagery persists to this day suggests strongly that our country lives in denial, failing to live up to its cultural mosaic boosterism.
At the height of the Great Depression, two Prairie children struggle with poverty and uncertainty. Surrounded by religion, law, and her authoritarian father, Cora Wagoner daydreams about what it would be like to abandon society altogether and join one of the Indian tribes she's read so much about. Saddened by struggles with Indian Agent restrictions, Hunter George wonders why his father doesn't want him to go to the residential school. As he too faces drastic change, he keeps himself sane with his grandmother's stories of Wisahkecahk. As Cora and Hunter sojourn through a landscape of nuisance grounds and societal refuse, they come to realize that they exist in a land that is simultaneously moving beyond history and drowning in its excess.
For nearly two centuries, the Company of Adventurers trading into Hudson’s Bay exported from Rupert’s Land hundreds of thousands of pelts, leaving in exchange a wealth of European trade goods. Yet opening the vast northwest had more far-reaching effects than an exchange of beaver and beads. Essays by a dozen scholars explore the cultural tapestry woven by explorers, artists, settlers, traders, missionaries, and map makers. Richard Ruggles traces the mapping of the territory from the mysterious gaps of the 1500s to the grids of the nineteenth century. John L. Allen recounts how fur-trade explorations encouraged Thomas Jefferson to dispatch the Lewis and Clark expedition. Irene Spry retells the gusto with which John Palliser, a half-century later, studied the prairies. Olive Dickason examines the first contacts of Europeans with Inuit and Amerindians, while James G.E. Smith presents the differing views of the land held by Caribou Eater Chipewyan and traders. Robert H. Cockburn, following Oberholtzer in 1912 and Downes in 1939, finds two more recent views of the Caribou Eater Chipewyan. Fred Crabb points out that much of this century’s church work has been carried out by native and mixed-blood residents. Clive Holland outlines Franklin’s first land expedition. Sylvia Van Kirks clerk in the trade finds his opinion of “this rascally and ungrateful country“ gradually changing, while R. Douglas Francis compares the ideal image and reality as the West opened to settlement. Robert Stacey tells how the theories of the picturesque and the sublime influenced artists portrayals of the West and the Arctic; Edward Cavell illustrates how the camera recorded Rupert’‘s Land and changed our perceptions of it as well. Forty-six maps, drawings and paintings, and documentary photographs illustrate the tapestry of the text.
In 1942, the Canadian government forced more than 21,000 Japanese Canadians from their homes in British Columbia. They were told to bring only one suitcase each and officials vowed to protect the rest. Instead, Japanese Canadians were dispossessed, all their belongings either stolen or sold. The definitive statement of a major national research partnership, Landscapes of Injustice reinterprets the internment of Japanese Canadians by focusing on the deliberate and permanent destruction of home through the act of dispossession. All forms of property were taken. Families lost heirlooms and everyday possessions. They lost decades of investment and labour. They lost opportunities, neighbourhoods, and communities; they lost retirements, livelihoods, and educations. When Japanese Canadians were finally released from internment in 1949, they had no homes to return to. Asking why and how these events came to pass and charting Japanese Canadians' diverse responses, this book details the implications and legacies of injustice perpetrated under the cover of national security. In Landscapes of Injustice the diverse descendants of dispossession work together to understand what happened. They find that dispossession is not a chapter that closes or a period that neatly ends. It leaves enduring legacies of benefit and harm, shame and silence, and resilience and activism.
In 1875, Icelandic immigrants established a colony on the southwest shore of Lake Winnipeg. The timing and location of New Iceland was not accidental. Across the Prairies, the Canadian government was creating land reserves for Europeans in the hope that the agricultural development of Indigenous lands would support the state’s economic and political ambitions. In this innovative history, Ryan Eyford expands our understanding of the creation of western Canada: his nuanced account traces the connections between Icelandic colonists, the Indigenous people they displaced, and other settler groups while exposing the ideas and practices integral to building a colonial society.
An account of the life and work of every bishop consecrated for the Church of England in Canada, missionary Sees in Honan and Japan, and for the Church of England in Newfoundland.