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Written in a simple, easy to understand style, this book will teach PLL users how to use new clock technology in their work in order to create innovative applications. Investigates the clock frequency concept from a different perspective--at an application level Teaches engineers to use this new clocking technology to create innovations in chip/system level, through real examples extracted from commercial products
Introducing a new, pioneering approach to integrated circuit design Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond Phase-Locked Loop introduces an innovative new way of looking at frequency that promises to open new frontiers in modern integrated circuit (IC) design. While most books on frequency synthesis deal with the phase-locked loop (PLL), this book focuses on the clock signal. It revisits the concept of frequency, solves longstanding problems in on-chip clock generation, and presents a new time-based information processing approach for future chip design. Beginning with the basics, the book explains how clock signal is used in electronic applications and outlines the shortcomings of conventional frequency synthesis techniques for dealing with clock generation problems. It introduces the breakthrough concept of Time-Average-Frequency, presents the Flying-Adder circuit architecture for the implementation of this approach, and reveals a new circuit device, the Digital-to-Frequency Converter (DFC). Lastly, it builds upon these three key components to explain the use of time rather than level to represent information in signal processing. Provocative, inspiring, and chock-full of ideas for future innovations, the book features: A new way of thinking about the fundamental concept of clock frequency A new circuit architecture for frequency synthesis: the Flying-Adder direct period synthesis A new electronic component: the Digital-to-Frequency Converter A new information processing approach: time-based vs. level-based Examples demonstrating the power of this technology to build better, cheaper, and faster systems Written with the intent of showing readers how to think outside the box, Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop is a must-have resource for IC design engineers and researchers as well as anyone who would like to be at the forefront of modern circuit design.
The document is a tutorial Monograph describing various aspects of time and frequency (T/F). Included are chapters relating to elemental concepts of precise time and frequency; basic principles of quartz oscillators and atomic frequency standards; historical review, recent progress, and current status of atomic frequency standards; promising areas for developing future primary frequency standards; relevance of frequency standards to other areas of metrology including a unified standard concept; statistics of T/F data analysis coupled with the theory and construction of the NBS atomic time scale; an overview of T/F dissemination techniques; and the standards of T/F in the USA. The Monograph addresses both the specialist in the field as well as those desiring basic information about time and frequency. The authors trace the development and scope of T/F technology, its improvement over periods of decades, its status today, and its possible use, applications, and development in days to come.
In Chapter 1, using the differential equation as the fundamental system description, we show how to obtain the filtering functions associated with physical systems; namely, the impulse response, step response, weighting function, and convolution integral. Chapter 2 introduces the Fourier and Laplace transforms, which lead to the frequency-domain system descriptions including the transfer function, magnitude response, phase response, and group-delay response. An introduction to the Hilbert transform, which is useful for relating specific network functions. In chapter 3 theoretical and realizable lowpass responses, including limitations in the time and frequency domains, are discussed. In Chapter 4 we concentrate on the transformation of the normalized lowpass prototype into other filter types. The narrowband and bandpass filter is discussed in detail because its analysis is applicable to crystal, helical, coaxial cavity, stripline, interdigital, and waveguide filters. In chapter 5 we consider the all-pass function, a function that is useful for phase and group delay equalization and for the simulation of specified delay. In chapter 6 we discuss the finite Q elements and predistortion. In chapter 7 we switch the focus from classical filter treatment to a consideration of the filtering of signals in a noisy environment, in particular, the matched filter. In chapter 8 we discuss the two methods of time-domain synthesis, the quasi-stationary approach to the analysis of linear systems excited by modulated inputs, and the subject of average time delay. Chapter 9 is devoted to digital filtering and includes a discussion of the z-transform
Covering a period of about 25 years, during which time-frequency has undergone significant developments, this book is principally addressed to researchers and engineers interested in non-stationary signal analysis and processing. It is written by recognized experts in the field.
Written in a simple, easy to understand style, this book will teach PLL users how to use new clock technology in their work in order to create innovative applications. Investigates the clock frequency concept from a different perspective--at an application level Teaches engineers to use this new clocking technology to create innovations in chip/system level, through real examples extracted from commercial products
Understand the methods of modern non-stationary signal processing with authoritative insights from a leader in the field.