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University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. Volume 2 covers thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and Volume 3 covers optics and modern physics. This textbook emphasizes connections between between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result. The text and images in this textbook are grayscale.
The book Engineering Physics is designed for the First-Year Engineering students at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada/Vizianagaram/Anantapur and other universities in Andhra Pradesh. The book is written with the singular objective of providing the students with a distinct source material as per the syllabus. The book covers important topics such as Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, Crystallography. X-ray Diffraction, Dielectric Materials, Magnetic Materials, Quantum Mechanics, Free Electron Theory, Semiconductors, Lasers, Fibre Optics etc. Throughout the book attention is given to the proper presentation. It has all the features essential to arouse interest and involve students in the subject.
Modern Optics is a fundamental study of the principles of optics using a rigorous physical approach based on Maxwell's Equations. The treatment provides the mathematical foundations needed to understand a number of applications such as laser optics, fiber optics and medical imaging covered in an engineering curriculum as well as the traditional topics covered in a physics based course in optics. In addition to treating the fundamentals in optical science, the student is given an exposure to actual optics engineering problems such as paraxial matrix optics, aberrations with experimental examples, Fourier transform optics (Fresnel-Kirchhoff formulation), Gaussian waves, thin films, photonic crystals, surface plasmons, and fiber optics. Through its many pictures, figures, and diagrams, the text provides a good physical insight into the topics covered. The course content can be modified to reflect the interests of the instructor as well as the student, through the selection of optional material provided in appendixes.
This book presents a detailed pedagogical description of the 5G commercial wireless communication system design, from an end to end perspective. It compares and contrasts NR with LTE, and gives a concise and highly accessible description of the key technologies in the 5G physical layer, radio access network layer protocols and procedures. This book also illustrates how the 5G core and EPC is integrated into the radio access network, how virtualization and edge computer fundamentally change the way users interact with the network, as well as 5G spectrum issues. This book is structured into six chapters. The first chapter reviews the use cases, requirements, and standardization organization and activities for 5G. These are 5G requirements and not NR specifically, as technology that meets the requirements, may be submitted to the ITU as 5G technology. This includes a set of Radio Access Technologies (RATs), consisting of NR and LTE; with each RAT meeting different aspects of the requirements. The second chapter describes the air interface of NR and LTE side by side. The basic aspects of LTE that NR builds upon are first described, followed by sections on the NR specific technologies, such as carrier/channel, spectrum/duplexing (including SUL), LTE/NR co-existence and new physical layer technologies (including waveform, Polar/LDPC codes, MIMO, and URLLC/mMTC). In all cases the enhancements made relative to LTE are made apparent. The third chapter contains descriptions of NR procedures (IAM/Beam Management/Power control/HARQ), protocols (CP/UP/mobility, including grant-free), and RAN architecture. The fourth chapter includes a detailed discussion related to end-to-end system architecture, and the 5G Core (5GC), network slicing, service continuity, relation to EPC, network virtualization, and edge computing. The fifth and major chapter describes the ITU submission and how NR and LTE meet the 5G requirements in significant detail, from the rapporteur responsible for leading the preparation and evaluation, as well as some field trial results. Engineers, computer scientists and professionals with a passing knowledge of 4G LTE and a comprehensive understanding of the end to end 5G commercial wireless system will find this book to be a valuable asset. Advanced-level students and researchers studying and working in communication engineering, who want to gain an understanding of the 5G system (as well as methodologies to evaluate features and technologies intended to supplement 5G) will also find this book to be a valuable resource.
This book provides fundamental knowledge in the fields of attosecond science and free electron lasers, based on the insight that the further development of both disciplines can greatly benefit from mutual exposure and interaction between the two communities. With respect to the interaction of high intensity lasers with matter, it covers ultrafast lasers, high-harmonic generation, attosecond pulse generation and characterization. Other chapters review strong-field physics, free electron lasers and experimental instrumentation. Written in an easy accessible style, the book is aimed at graduate and postgraduate students so as to support the scientific training of early stage researchers in this emerging field. Special emphasis is placed on the practical approach of building experiments, allowing young researchers to develop a wide range of scientific skills in order to accelerate the development of spectroscopic techniques and their implementation in scientific experiments. The editors are managers of a research network devoted to the education of young scientists, and this book idea is based on a summer school organized by the ATTOFEL network.
The book introduces the fundamentals of optical measurement mechanics, and discusses different types of interferometry, including (Digital) Holographic Interferometry, (Digital) Speckle Interferometry, Moiré Interferometry, Digital Image Correlation and Particle Image Velocimetry. It is an essential reference for graduate students, scientists and practitioners from both universities and research laboratories.
This fully updated second edition of Introduction to Holography provides a theoretical background in optics and holography with a comprehensive survey of practical applications. It is intended for the non-specialist with an interest in using holographic methods in research and engineering. The text assumes some knowledge of electromagnetism, although this is not essential for an understanding of optics, which is covered in the first two chapters. A descriptive approach to the history and principles of holography is followed by a chapter on volume holography. Essential practical requirements for successful holographic recording are explained in detail. Recording materials are considered with detailed discussions of those in common use. Properties peculiar to holographically reconstructed images are emphasised as well as applications for which holography is particularly suitable. Mathematical tools are introduced as and when required throughout the text with important results derived in detail. In this new edition, topics such as photopolymers, dynamic holographic displays, holographic optical elements, sensors, and digital holography are covered in greater depth. New topics have been added, including UV and infrared holography, holographic authentication and encryption, as well as particle beam, X-ray, and acoustic holography. Numerical problems are provided at the end of each chapter. This book is suitable for undergraduate courses and will be an important resource for those teaching optics and holography. It provides scientists and engineers with knowledge of a wide range of holographic applications in research and industry, as well as an understanding of holography’s potential for future use.
Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple tasks in varying sequences (i.e., task switching). In the literature, numerous attempts have aimed at theorizing about the specific characteristics of executive functions that control interference between simultaneously and/or sequentially active component of task-sets in these situations. However, these approaches have been rather vague regarding explanatory concepts (e.g., task-set inhibition, preparation, shielding, capacity limitation), widely lacking theories on detailed mechanisms and/ or empirical evidence for specific subcomponents. The present research topic aims at providing a selection of contributions on the details of executive functioning in dual-task and task switching situations. The contributions specify these executive functions by focusing on (1) fractionating assumed mechanisms into constituent subcomponents, (2) their variations by age or in clinical subpopulations, and/ or (3) their plasticity as a response to practice and training.
Handbook of Modern Coating Technologies: Advanced Characterization Methods reviews advanced characterization methods of modern coating technologies. The topics in this volume consist of scanning vibrating electrode technique, spectroscopic ellipsometry, advances in X-ray diffraction, neutron reflectivity, micro- and nanoprobes, fluorescence technique, stress measurement methods in thin films, micropotentiometry, and localized corrosion studies.