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The caliphs and sultans who once ruled the Muslim world were often assisted by powerful Jewish, Christian, Zoroastrian and other non-Muslim state officials, whose employment occasioned energetic discussions among Muslim scholars and rulers. This book reveals those discussions for the first time in all their diversity, drawing on unexplored medieval sources in the realms of law, history, poetry, entertaining literature, administration, and polemic. It follows the discourse on non-Muslim officials from its beginnings in the Umayyad empire (661–750), through medieval Iraq, Egypt, Syria, and Spain, to its apex in the Mamluk period (1250–1517). Far from being an intrinsic part of Islam, views about non-Muslim state officials were devised, transmitted, and elaborated at moments of intense competition between Muslim and non-Muslim learned elites. At other times, Muslim rulers employed non-Muslims without eliciting opposition. The particular shape of the Islamic discourse is comparable to analogous discourses in medieval Europe and China.
This mirror for princes sheds light on the relationship between spiritual and political authority in early modern Egypt This guide to political behavior and expediency offers advice to Sufi shaykhs, or spiritual guides, on how to interact and negotiate with powerful secular officials, judges, and treasurers, or emirs. Translated into English for the first time, it is a unique account of the relationship between spiritual and political authority in late medieval / early modern Islamic society.
For the world's one billion Muslims, Jesus is a prophet. A highly respected prophet, but one of many throughout history. For Christians, Jesus is more than a prophet. He alone is God incarnate, Lord and Savior. And therein lies the most profound difference between the two faiths. Based upon the authors' extensive dialogues and debates with skeptical, angry, and interested Muslims, liberal Christians, and mainstream journalists, More Than a Prophet answers nearly 150 questions about Islamic and Christian faith. Sympathetic to Muslim concerns yet uncompromising in its portrayal of historic Christian truth, More Than a Prophet is an indispensable handbook for Christians who want to share their faith with sensitivity and intellectual honesty. It is also a helpful introductory resource for those seeking to understand Jesus. - Back cover.
A groundbreaking biography of the mysterious Levantine prince Fakr ad-Din. The year is 1613: the Ottoman Empire is at its height, sprawling from Hungary to Iraq, Morocco to Yemen. One man dares to challenge it: the Prince of the mysterious Druze sect in Mount Lebanon, Fakhr ad-Din. Yielding before a mighty army sent to conquer him, he—astonishingly—takes refuge with the Medici in Florence at the height of the Renaissance. Fakhr ad-Din took along with him a diverse party of Moslem, Christian, and Jewish Levantines on their first visit to the “Lands of the Christians.” During his five-year stay in Italy, he fights to persuade Popes, Grand-Dukes and Viceroys to support a grand plan: a new Crusade to wrest the Holy Land from the Ottomans, giving Jerusalem back to Christendom and himself a crown. This groundbreaking biography of Fakhr ad-Din, Prince of the Druze, is based on the author’s vivid new translations of contemporary sources in Arabic and other languages. It brings to life one remarkable man’s beliefs and ambitions, uniquely illuminating the elusive interface between Eastern and Western culture.
Comic book geek Wesley Hudson excels at two things: slacking off at his job and pining after his best friend, Nico. Advice from his friends, '90s alt-rock songs, and online dating articles aren't helping much with his secret crush. And his dream job at Once Upon a Page, the local used bookstore, is threatened when a coffeeshop franchise wants to buy the property. To top it off, his annoying brother needs wedding planning advice. Confronted with reality, can Wes balance saving the bookstore and his strained sibling relationship? Can he win the heart of his crush, too?
A child is educated into the "Parade of Life" and in turn teaches his people to work cooperatively with nature and all its aspects of life and death.
The battle for Wishapton has been won but for Bellaydin Ap’Lydin, the victory has come with a deeply personal cost. He will need all his courage to survive the trials ahead. Meanwhile, Polnygar Ap’Lydin, still on the trail of the fugitive spellweaver Lord Ivellios, finds herself in the mystical desert empire of Qarld.