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The first comparative study of how the French Popular Front and its right-wing opponents transformed the masses into the people, whether in demonstrations and festivals, or theatre and film. Seven chapters examine the representation of the crowd, workers, electorate, nation and symbolic community, exploring parallels between left and right.
France and Fascism: February 1934 and the Dynamics of Political Crisis is the first English-language book to examine the most significant political event in interwar France: the Paris riots of February 1934. On 6 February 1934, thousands of fascist rioters almost succeeded in bringing down the French democratic regime. The violence prompted the polarisation of French politics as hundreds of thousands of French citizens joined extreme right-wing paramilitary leagues or the left-wing Popular Front coalition. This ‘French civil war’, the first shots of which were fired in February 1934, would come to an end only at the Liberation of France ten years later. The book challenges the assumption that the riots did not pose a serious threat to French democracy by providing a more balanced historical contextualisation of the events. Each chapter follows a distinctive analytical framework, incorporating the latest research in the field on French interwar politics as well as important new investigations into political violence and the dynamics of political crisis. With a direct focus on the actual processes of the unfolding political crisis and the dynamics of the riots themselves, France and Fascism offers a comprehensive analysis which will be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as scholars, in the areas of French history and politics, and fascism and the far right.
This book describes the history of France between the anti-parliamentary riots of 1934 and the death of de Gaulle in 1970. It is written as a series of interpretative essays rather than a straight chronological account. Special emphasis is laid on the broad social conflicts - between classes, sexes and generations - that underlay the complicated party politics of France. Attention is also given to the episodes - the rule of the Vichy government, the Algerian war, the 'thirty glorious years of economic growth', and the student riots of 1968 - that helped to transform the nation of Clochemerle into that of Concorde.
The years 1934 to 1944 remain the most contentious and dramatic decade in modern French history. Covering the Occupation, the Vichy regime, the Resistance and collaboration, Nick Atkin provides an important introduction to this key period. Accessible and concise, the book offers a wide-ranging synthesis of key themes and events. Looking ahead to the present day, the book also examines how the French establishment and public have coped with the legacy of Vichy, and explains why the occupation is still ever present in French politics and everyday life.
This is the first full-length study in English of the Popular Front, the left-wing coalition which emerged in France during the 1930s in response to the threat of fascism and which went on to win the elections of 1936, giving France her first socialist premier, Léon Blum. After a brief narrative history of the Popular Front the book is organised thematically around the main historiographical debates to which the Popular Front has given rise. Among the issues considered are the origins of the strikes of 1936, the reasons for the failure of the Popular Front economic policy, the relationship between culture and politics in France in the 1930s and the causes of France's policy of non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War. The book views the Popular Front at three levels - as a mass movement, political coalition and government - and argues that it must not be seen just as a narrowly political phenomenon but as a political, social and cultural explosion which attempted to break down the barriers between all areas of human activity in the highly compartmentalised society of France in the 1930s. Even if the Popular Front ultimately failed in this aim it has acquired legendary status in France, and the epilogue to the book briefly examines the 'myth' of the Popular Front from 1936 to the present day.
This book describes a period during which France teetered on, and sometimes over, the brink of civil war. It shows how the rise of fascism, German invasion, the Vichy government, and withdrawal from Empire convinced a significant number of Frenchmen that killing their compatriots was a legitimate way to achieve political ends.
Sorbonne student Sandrine covers news as a part-time reporter for an American paper in Depression-era Paris. She banters with the Americans at the local bistro as red wine flows and stories grow in the telling. Early in 1934, with public outrage at government corruption peaking, she witnesses street riots by Far Right leagues that overthrow two French cabinets. The Third Republic is threatened. Spring brings adventure as Sandrine listens to sweet assurances whispered in the soft light of a Paris cafe. Summer brings midnight dancing to le hot jazz at swanky Longchamps racetrack. Days later, Sandrine joins the hard-partying Americans as they drink and dance their way through the festive streets of Paris on Bastille Day. In the fall, dark secrets from the 1920s French occupation of the German Rhineland cloud the present as the rising Nazi menace in Germany reveals unspoken threats. Destinies intersect in October 1934 when a Yugoslav king arrives in France for an important state visit.