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This book describes the historical development of the engineering discipline of fracture mechanics from early times to the scientific treatment of the subject in the 20th century. Most papaers do not require a mathematical background to understand them.
This open access book aims to provide a comprehensive but practical overview of the knowledge required for the assessment and management of the older adult with or at risk of fragility fracture. It considers this from the perspectives of all of the settings in which this group of patients receive nursing care. Globally, a fragility fracture is estimated to occur every 3 seconds. This amounts to 25 000 fractures per day or 9 million per year. The financial costs are reported to be: 32 billion EUR per year in Europe and 20 billon USD in the United States. As the population of China ages, the cost of hip fracture care there is likely to reach 1.25 billion USD by 2020 and 265 billion by 2050 (International Osteoporosis Foundation 2016). Consequently, the need for nursing for patients with fragility fracture across the world is immense. Fragility fracture is one of the foremost challenges for health care providers, and the impact of each one of those expected 9 million hip fractures is significant pain, disability, reduced quality of life, loss of independence and decreased life expectancy. There is a need for coordinated, multi-disciplinary models of care for secondary fracture prevention based on the increasing evidence that such models make a difference. There is also a need to promote and facilitate high quality, evidence-based effective care to those who suffer a fragility fracture with a focus on the best outcomes for recovery, rehabilitation and secondary prevention of further fracture. The care community has to understand better the experience of fragility fracture from the perspective of the patient so that direct improvements in care can be based on the perspectives of the users. This book supports these needs by providing a comprehensive approach to nursing practice in fragility fracture care.
1. Anatomy of the Calcaneus (Sizensky) 2. Gait Analysis and Biomechanics of the Normal Subtalar Joint, Finite Element Analysis of the Calcaneus, Normal and Abnormal Subtalar Joint Mechanics (Piazza) 3. Imaging of the Calcaneus (Mahraj) 4. Calcaneus Fractures (Bohay) 5.
Since the ?rst edition of this book was published in 2002, there have been many advances in our knowledge of percutaneous vertoplasty (PV), particularly about how to perform the procedure more safely and how to approach more complex case situations. Additionally, mate- als that were initially used “off label” or that simply were not FDA approved have completed their governmental review and have received FDA approval. This has increased the legitimacy of the p- cedure from the legal and reimbursement perspective. Controversy over height restoration and device selection has become a progressively bigger issue over time. Kyphoplasty (balloon assisted vertebroplasty) has received tremendous emphasis. This book c- pares and contrasts data and claims that differentiate kyphoplasty from percutaneous vertebroplasty. We also look at other methods that pot- tially can be used for height restoration. New procedures that deal with bone augmentation in other anatomic regions have evolved (i.e., sacroplasty) and are discussed. As this re- lution in image-guided percutaneous bone augmentation has dev- oped, multiple medical specialties have embraced these procedures in their training programs for both residents and practicing physicians.
Fractures are a common finding in children and it is estimated that 2.1% of all children will suffer at least one fracture before the age of 16. With young children in particular, the question may arise if this is related to child abuse. The aim of this book is to help physicians involved in child abuse cases to interpret radiological findings in light of the forensic circumstances under which they occurred. The authors present up-to-date literature related to the mechanisms underlying non-accidental cases of trauma. In this book not only the radiological findings in child-abuse are discussed, but more importantly, these findings are analyzed from a forensic perspective. Careful attention is paid to evidence regarding reported trauma mechanisms and their clinical outcome; for example, can a fall from a couch result in a femoral fracture, and if not, where is the supporting evidence?
This new open access edition supported by the Fragility Fracture Network aims at giving the widest possible dissemination on fragility fracture (especially hip fracture) management and notably in countries where this expertise is sorely needed. It has been extensively revised and updated by the experts of this network to provide a unique and reliable content in one single volume. Throughout the book, attention is given to the difficult question of how to provide best practice in countries where the discipline of geriatric medicine is not well established and resources for secondary prevention are scarce. The revised and updated chapters on the epidemiology of hip fractures, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, surgery, anaesthesia, medical management of frailty, peri-operative complications, rehabilitation and nursing are supplemented by six new chapters. These include an overview of the multidisciplinary approach to fragility fractures and new contributions on pre-hospital care, treatment in the emergency room, falls prevention, nutrition and systems for audit. The reader will have an exhaustive overview and will gain essential, practical knowledge on how best to manage fractures in elderly patients and how to develop clinical systems that do so reliably.
Traditionally, each speciality involved in craniomaxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery had its own areas of interest and expertise. This introductory textbook is different in that it presents the combined and focused expertise and competence of the different specialities on the entire craniofacial skeleton. The principles described in this textbook represent the evolution of craniomaxillofacial buttress reconstruction over the last 60 years. In addition to standard procedures, techniques representing recent surgical advances and new developments are introduced as well. This textbook not only provides an overview on current concepts of craniomaxillofacial trauma care and orthognathic surgery, but also helps to understand the complexity of the craniofacial skeleton and its related soft tissues for an efficient and successful reconstruction of the face following trauma and congenital deformities.
The book Features of the Calcaneus gives an insight into the current state of treatment of calcaneal fractures. The calcaneus or "os calcis" is the most commonly fractured bone in the foot, in addition to being the largest, and has a major role in the biomechanics of the whole foot. There is heated debate as to whether operative versus nonoperative surgery is beneficial for the patient suffering from calcaneus fractures. Surgically, there exist two approaches to treat calcaneal fractures like the extensile approaches and minimally invasive techniques. The content of the book evolves from the basic understanding of the anatomy of the calcaneus, to fracture patterns, the mechanism of injury, and nonoperative and operative fixation options. There are chapters, which talk about radiology, patient selection, surgical exposures, and rehabilitation, which would help the trauma surgeon doing all kinds of fracture surgeries. Chapters on primary arthrodesis, minimally invasive surgery, malunion corrections and role of arthroscopy are meant for the specialist foot surgeons. And, of course, there are specific chapters, which discuss how outcomes are measured, and how patients are rehabilitated. Perhaps, one of the most important chapters reviews the evidence-based medicine for calcaneal fracture management. On the whole, the book serves as a reference for all matters related to calcaneal fractures.
It has been a pleasure to comply with requests to publish this book in English. During the intervening years, there has been little to add to our views as to the best management of acetabular fractures, but an additional chapter has been incorporated comprising recent findings in our patients and slight changes in emphasis on the indications for operations. Additionally, having recognised that one of the greatest difficulties in this method of treatment lies in the pre-operative assessment of the standard radiographs, we have prepared a short series of radiographs which the reader may find advantageous for study. We are grateful to Mr. Reginald Eison who has translated and revised the French edition. Considerable alteration of the text and the general presen tation was necessary in order to make the material palatable in English. Our thanks are due to our new publishers, Springer-Verlag, for their keen interest and skill. E. LETOURNEL R. JUDET Preface to the French Edition It is a long time since we first attempted surgical treatment of fractures of the acetabulum accompanied by displacement, with the aim of restoring perfect articulation. Such treatment demands an exact reconstitution of the anatomy of the acetabulum and pelvic bone. This volume comprises an account of our efforts to assess the place of open reduction and internal fixation of displaced fractures of the acetabulum. The principal aim is simple: the perfect restoration of the articular surface and the associated bony architecture.
After the publication of the AO book Technique of Internal Fixation of Fractures (Miiller, Allgower and Willenegger, Springer-Verlag, 1965), the authors decided after considerable discussion amongst themselves and other members of the Swiss AO that the next edition would appear in three volumes. In 1969, the first volume was published (the English edition, Manual of Internal Fixation, appeared in 1970). This was a manual of surgical technique which discussed implants and instruments and in which the problems of internal fixation were presented schematically without radio logical illustrations. The second volume was to be a treatise on the biomechanical basis of internal fixation as elucidated by the work done in the laboratory for experi mental surgery in Davos. The third volume was planned as the culminating effort based upon the first two volumes, treating the problems of specific fractures and richly illustrated with clinical and radiological examples. It was also to discuss results of treatment, comparing the results obtained with the AO method with other methods. The second and third volumes were never published. The second edition of the AO Manual appeared in 1977. It dealt in greater detail with the problems discussed in the first edition, although it still lacked clinical exam ples and any discussion of indications for surgery. Like the first edition, it was trans lated into many languages and was well received. Finally, after 22 years, the much discussed and much needed third volume has appeared.