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This book introduces the concepts of soft errors in FPGAs, as well as the motivation for using commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) FPGAs in mission-critical and remote applications, such as aerospace. The authors describe the effects of radiation in FPGAs, present a large set of soft-error mitigation techniques that can be applied in these circuits, as well as methods for qualifying these circuits under radiation. Coverage includes radiation effects in FPGAs, fault-tolerant techniques for FPGAs, use of COTS FPGAs in aerospace applications, experimental data of FPGAs under radiation, FPGA embedded processors under radiation and fault injection in FPGAs. Since dedicated parallel processing architectures such as GPUs have become more desirable in aerospace applications due to high computational power, GPU analysis under radiation is also discussed.
This book presents novel compiler techniques, which combine a rigorous mathematical framework, novel program analyses and digital hardware design to advance current high-level synthesis tools and extend their scope beyond the industrial ‘state of the art’. Implementing computation on customised digital hardware plays an increasingly important role in the quest for energy-efficient high-performance computing. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) gain efficiency by encoding the computing task into the chip’s physical circuitry and are gaining rapidly increasing importance in the processor market, especially after recent announcements of large-scale deployments in the data centre. This is driving, more than ever, the demand for higher design entry abstraction levels, such as the automatic circuit synthesis from high-level languages (high-level synthesis). The techniques in this book apply formal reasoning to high-level synthesis in the context of demonstrably practical applications. /pp
This book contains extended and revised versions of the best papers presented at the 28th IFIP WG 10.5/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, VLSI-SoC 2020, held in Salt Lake City, UT, USA, in October 2020.* The 16 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from the 38 papers (out of 74 submissions) presented at the conference. The papers discuss the latest academic and industrial results and developments as well as future trends in the field of System-on-Chip (SoC) design, considering the challenges of nano-scale, state-of-the-art and emerging manufacturing technologies. In particular they address cutting-edge research fields like low-power design of RF, analog and mixed-signal circuits, EDA tools for the synthesis and verification of heterogenous SoCs, accelerators for cryptography and deep learning and on-chip Interconnection system, reliability and testing, and integration of 3D-ICs. *The conference was held virtually.
This book describes an extensive and consistent soft error assessment of convolutional neural network (CNN) models from different domains through more than 14.8 million fault injections, considering different precision bit-width configurations, optimization parameters, and processor models. The authors also evaluate the relative performance, memory utilization, and soft error reliability trade-offs analysis of different CNN models considering a compiler-based technique w.r.t. traditional redundancy approaches.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of four workshops co-located with SAFECOMP 2016, the 35th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, held in Trondheim, Norway, in September 2016. The 30 revised full papers presented together with 4 short and 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. This year’s workshop are: ASSURE 2016 - Assurance Cases for Software-intensive Systems; DECSoS 2016 - EWICS/ERCIM/ARTEMIS Dependable Cyber-physical Systems and Systems-of-Systems Workshop; SASSUR 2016 - Next Generation of System Assurance Approaches for Safety-Critical Systems; and TIPS 2016 – Timing Performance in Safety Engineering.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of different aspects of low-power circuit synthesis for IoT applications at various levels of the design hierarchy, starting from the layout level to the system level. For a seamless understanding of the subject, the basics of MOS circuits have been introduced at the transistor, gate and circuit level, followed by various low-power design methodologies, such as supply voltage scaling, switched capacitance minimization techniques, and leakage power minimization approaches. The contents of this book are useful to students, researchers, as well as practicing engineers. Low-power architectures refer to the latest development in computer microchips which are created by integrating hundreds of thousands of transistors on one chip for different IoT applications. Emerging research in this area has the potential to uncover further applications for IoT in addition to system advancements.
Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs Bridge the gap between software and hardware with this foundational design reference Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits designed so that configuration can take place. Circuits of this kind play an integral role in processing images, with FPGAs increasingly embedded in digital cameras and other devices that produce visual data outputs for subsequent realization and compression. These uses of FPGAs require specific design processes designed to mediate smoothly between hardware and processing algorithm. Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs provides a comprehensive overview of these processes and their applications in embedded image processing. Beginning with an overview of image processing and its core principles, this book discusses specific design and computation techniques, with a smooth progression from the foundations of the field to its advanced principles. Readers of the second edition of Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs will also find: Detailed discussion of image processing techniques including point operations, histogram operations, linear transformations, and more New chapters covering Deep Learning algorithms and Image and Video Coding Example applications throughout to ground principles and demonstrate techniques Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs is ideal for engineers and academics working in the field of Image Processing, as well as graduate students studying Embedded Systems Engineering, Image Processing, Digital Design, and related fields.
New sequencing technologies have broken many experimental barriers to genome scale sequencing, leading to the extraction of huge quantities of sequence data. This expansion of biological databases established the need for new ways to harness and apply the astounding amount of available genomic information and convert it into substantive biological
High-Performance Computing using FPGA covers the area of high performance reconfigurable computing (HPRC). This book provides an overview of architectures, tools and applications for High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing (HPRC). FPGAs offer very high I/O bandwidth and fine-grained, custom and flexible parallelism and with the ever-increasing computational needs coupled with the frequency/power wall, the increasing maturity and capabilities of FPGAs, and the advent of multicore processors which has caused the acceptance of parallel computational models. The Part on architectures will introduce different FPGA-based HPC platforms: attached co-processor HPRC architectures such as the CHREC’s Novo-G and EPCC’s Maxwell systems; tightly coupled HRPC architectures, e.g. the Convey hybrid-core computer; reconfigurably networked HPRC architectures, e.g. the QPACE system, and standalone HPRC architectures such as EPFL’s CONFETTI system. The Part on Tools will focus on high-level programming approaches for HPRC, with chapters on C-to-Gate tools (such as Impulse-C, AutoESL, Handel-C, MORA-C++); Graphical tools (MATLAB-Simulink, NI LabVIEW); Domain-specific languages, languages for heterogeneous computing(for example OpenCL, Microsoft’s Kiwi and Alchemy projects). The part on Applications will present case from several application domains where HPRC has been used successfully, such as Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; Financial Computing; Stencil computations; Information retrieval; Lattice QCD; Astrophysics simulations; Weather and climate modeling.
This is the first book to focus on designing run-time reconfigurable systems on FPGAs, in order to gain resource and power efficiency, as well as to improve speed. Case studies in partial reconfiguration guide readers through the FPGA jungle, straight toward a working system. The discussion of partial reconfiguration is comprehensive and practical, with models introduced together with methods to implement efficiently the corresponding systems. Coverage includes concepts for partial module integration and corresponding communication architectures, floorplanning of the on-FPGA resources, physical implementation aspects starting from constraining primitive placement and routing all the way down to the bitstream required to configure the FPGA, and verification of reconfigurable systems.