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The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.
Over the last 6 years the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) training programme has expanded and evolved to meet the changing outbreak response learning and training needs, with many lessons learned along the way. With a new GOARN Strategy being released in late 2022, there was a need for the GOARN Capacity Building and Training Partners to come together in August 2022 to explore the priority global public health emergency workforce development needs and how the GOARN Capacity Building and Training Programme can be best used to support the workforce development efforts. The meeting report presents the discussions and agreements made by the 29 participating GOARN Partner Institutions which will be used to the inform the Capacity Building and Training elements of the new GOARN strategy and subsequent implementation plan for the coming years for the GOARN capacity building and training programme to help build the required workforce for public health emergencies.
Modern transportation allows people, animals, and plants-and the pathogens they carry-to travel more easily than ever before. The ease and speed of travel, tourism, and international trade connect once-remote areas with one another, eliminating many of the geographic and cultural barriers that once limited the spread of disease. Because of our global interconnectedness through transportation, tourism and trade, infectious diseases emerge more frequently; spread greater distances; pass more easily between humans and animals; and evolve into new and more virulent strains. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted the workshop "Globalization, Movement of Pathogens (and Their Hosts) and the Revised International Health Regulations" December 16-17, 2008 in order to explore issues related to infectious disease spread in a "borderless" world. Participants discussed the global emergence, establishment, and surveillance of infectious diseases; the complex relationship between travel, trade, tourism, and the spread of infectious diseases; national and international policies for mitigating disease movement locally and globally; and obstacles and opportunities for detecting and containing these potentially wide-reaching and devastating diseases. This document summarizes the workshop.
Since the 2014 Ebola outbreak many public- and private-sector leaders have seen a need for improved management of global public health emergencies. The effects of the Ebola epidemic go well beyond the three hardest-hit countries and beyond the health sector. Education, child protection, commerce, transportation, and human rights have all suffered. The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. In order to explore the potential for improving international management and response to outbreaks the National Academy of Medicine agreed to manage an international, independent, evidence-based, authoritative, multistakeholder expert commission. As part of this effort, the Institute of Medicine convened four workshops in summer of 2015 to inform the commission report. The presentations and discussions from the Workshop on Research and Development of Medical Products are summarized in this report.
The GOARN 2022–2026 Strategy Implementation Plan is a derivative product which follows the GOARN 2022-2026 Strategy. The Implementation Plan is intended to define and present, in a systematic manner and in alignment with GOARN’s areas of work, how the Strategy will be implemented. The Implementation Plan outlines the activities which contribute to GOARN projects and areas of work, and provides timelines for how these will be implemented through to the end of the Strategy.
This document outlines the recommendations/considerations for the GOARN Strategy 2022-2026. Strategy recommendations were developed to shape and define the future directions of the Network through an extensive strategy development process involving interviews with key stakeholders, a survey to GOARN partners, scenario-building workshops, a strategic workshop at the GOARN Global Meeting of Partners, regional consultations with regional focal points and partners, and meetings/workshops with Steering Committee Members to refine and finalize. The Strategy document will be implemented by the GOARN Steering Committee and GOARN partners.
The call to action issued after the 3rd WHO infodemic management conference in 2020 galvanized a range of actors across the world who were – and remain – willing to invest time, resources and creativity in the nascent but crucial field of infodemic management. This has resulted in extraordinary diversification of research tools and techniques. Infodemic management is now more and more widely seen by governments and health authorities as a necessary public health intervention, as important in responding to outbreaks as vaccines or therapeutics.
This document elaborates on the strategic grouping approach adopted by the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), focusing on its conceptual and operational aspects. The strategic grouping approach refers to convening partners to work together on mutual technical interests towards strategic goals, and to strengthen collaboration and coordination, promote participation and to deliver common priority Network activities. It is an approach that provides guidance and opportunities for partners to help them better engage in GOARN’s activities at the national and regional levels.
The Oxford Textbook of Infectious Disease Control: A Geographical Analysis from Medieval Quarantine to Global Eradication is a comprehensive analysis of spatial theory and the practical methods used to prevent the geographical spread of communicable diseases in humans. Drawing on current and historical examples spanning seven centuries from across the globe, this indispensable volume demonstrates how to mitigate the public health impact of infections in disease hotspots and prevent the propagation of infection from such hotspots into other geographical locations. Containing case studies of longstanding global killers such as influenza, measles and poliomyelitis, through to newly emerged diseases like SARS and highly pathogenic avian influenza in humans, this book integrates theory, data and spatial analysis and locates these quantitative analyses in the context of global demographic and health policy change. Beautifully illustrated with over 100 original maps and diagrams to aid understanding and assimilation, in six sections the authors examine surveillance, quarantine, vaccination, and forecasting for disease control. The discussion covers theoretical approaches, techniques and systems central to mitigating disease spread, and methods that deliver practical disease control. Essential information is also provided on the geographical eradication of diseases, including the design of early warning systems that detect the geographical spread of epidemics, enabling students and practitioners to design spatially-targeted control strategies. Despite the early hope of eradication of many communicable diseases after the global eradication of smallpox by 1979, the world is still working at the control and elimination of the spatial spread of newly-emerging and resurgent infectious diseases. Learning from past examples and incorporating modern surveillance and reporting techniques that are used to design value-for-money spatially-targeted interventions to protect public health, the Oxford Textbook of Infectious Disease Control is an essential resource for all those working in, or studying ways to control the spread of communicable diseases between humans in a timely and cost-effective manner. It is ideal for specialists and students in infectious disease control as well as those in the medical sciences, epidemiology, demography, public health, geography, and medical history.