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GAO-01-354 Former Soviet Union: U.S. Rule of Law Assistance Has Had Limited Impact
The "rule of law" (RoL) assistance provided by the U.S. embodies the basic principles of equal treatment of all people before the law and is founded on a predictable and transparent legal system with fair and effective judicial and law enforce. institutions. In order to determine whether the U.S. government's RoL assistance program within the 12 new independent states that emerged from the breakup of the Soviet Union has been effective, this report: (1) assesses the extent to which the program has had an impact on the development of the RoL and whether the program results are sustainable, and (2) analyzes the factors that may have affected the program's impact and sustainability. Charts and tables.
For fiscal years 1992 through 2000, the U.S. government provided assistance to help the 12 newly independent states of the former Soviet Union develop the sustainable institutions, traditions, and legal foundations that ensure a strong rule of law. This report (1) assesses the extent to which the program has had an impact on the development of the rule of law and whether the program results are sustainable and (2) analyzes the factors that may have affected the program's impact and sustainability. GAO found that the U.S. government's rule of law assistance program has had limited impact so far, and results may not be sustainable in many cases. The impact and sustainability of the U.S. rule of law assistance programs have been constrained by several factors, including limited political consensus on reforms, a shortage of domestic resources for many of the more expensive innovations, and weaknesses in the design and management of assistance programs by U.S. agencies.
This testimony discusses the U.S. government's rule of law assistance efforts in the new independent states of the former Soviet Union. GAO found that these efforts have had limited impact so far, and results may not be sustainable in many cases. U.S. agencies have had some success in introducing innovative legal concepts and practices in these countries. However, the U.S. assistance has not often had a major, long-term impact on the evolution of the rule of law in these countries. In some cases, countries have not widely adopted the new concepts and practices that the United States has advocated. In other cases, continuation or expansion of the innovations depends on further funding from the U.S. or other donors. In fact, the rule of law appears to have actually deteriorated in recent years in several countries, including Russia and Ukraine, according to the data used to measure the results of U.S. development assistance in the region and a host of U.S. government and foreign officials. This testimony summarizes an April 2001 report (GAO-01-354).
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent agency that works for Congress. The GAO watches over Congress, and investigates how the federal government spends taxpayers dollars. The Comptroller General of the United States is the leader of the GAO, and is appointed to a 15-year term by the U.S. President. The GAO wants to support Congress, while at the same time doing right by the citizens of the United States. They audit, investigate, perform analyses, issue legal decisions and report anything that the government is doing. This is one of their reports.
This report discusses the U.S. rule of law program in the new independent states (NIS) of the former Soviet Union. This testimony will highlight some of the major points that we made in the report we are releasing today. Since 1991, the new independent states of the former Soviet Union have been struggling to overcome a long tradition of totalitarian rule marked by an arbitrary system of justice and state suppression of human rights. To support these states transition to a more open and democratic style of government, the U.S. government has committed about $216 million in assistance from fiscal years 1992 through 2000 to help them develop the sustainable institutions, traditions, and legal foundations for establishing a strong rule of law. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has administered about 49 percent of this funding while Justice (25 percent), State (22 percent), and Treasury (4 percent) administer the rest.