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Creating a digital picture is so simple today that when we pick up our camera and push the button, we don't put any thought into the process that we just set into motion. The chain of events that occurs to create the photograph is called the imaging chain. The scientists and engineers who design digital cameras love to dive deep into the physics and the mathematics of the imaging chain, but discussing the imaging chain with people not well versed in this language will usually produce a blank stare or a yawn. This book discusses the concepts used to design digital cameras for people who don't want to be blinded with equations and bored with geek speak. It will help the individuals who work with camera designers and want to know, but are sometimes afraid to ask, why they keep babbling about an "MTF" or some other mysterious acronym. If you ever wondered why pinstripe suits turn psychedelic on TV or why crosses appear on pictures of stars, the imaging chain will give you the answers, and this book is for you.
From the reviews of the first edition: "I recommend this book to anyone seriously engaged in image processing. It will clearly stretch the horizon of some readers and be a good reference for others. This is not just another image processing book; it is a book worth owning and a book worth reading several times ..." #J. Electronic Imaging# This practical guidebook uses the concepts and mathematics familiar to students of the natural sciences to provide them with a working knowledge of modern techniques of digital image processing. It takes readers from basic concepts to current research topics and demonstrates how digital image processing can be used for data gathering in research. Detailed examples of applications on PC-based systems and ready-to-use algorithms enhance the text, as do nearly 200 illustrations (16 in color). The book also includes the most exciting recent advances such as reconstruction of 3-D objects from projections and the analysis of stereo images and image sequences.
While most textbooks about scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cover the high-voltage range from 5-50 keV, this volume considers the special problems in low-voltage SEM and summarizes the differences between LVSEM and conventional SEM. Chapters cover the influence of lens aberrations and design on electron-probe formation; the effect of elastic and inelastic scattering processes on electron diffusion and electron range; charging and radiation damage effects; the dependence of SE yield and the backscattering coefficient on electron energy, surface tilt, and material as well as the angular and energy distributions; and types of image contrast and the differences between LVSEM and conventional SEM modes due to the influence of electron-specimen interactions.
This is an introductory to intermediate level text on the science of image processing, which employs the Matlab programming language to illustrate some of the elementary, key concepts in modern image processing and pattern recognition. The approach taken is essentially practical and the book offers a framework within which the concepts can be understood by a series of well chosen examples, exercises and computer experiments, drawing on specific examples from within science, medicine and engineering. Clearly divided into eleven distinct chapters, the book begins with a fast-start introduction to image processing to enhance the accessibility of later topics. Subsequent chapters offer increasingly advanced discussion of topics involving more challenging concepts, with the final chapter looking at the application of automated image classification (with Matlab examples) . Matlab is frequently used in the book as a tool for demonstrations, conducting experiments and for solving problems, as it is both ideally suited to this role and is widely available. Prior experience of Matlab is not required and those without access to Matlab can still benefit from the independent presentation of topics and numerous examples. Features a companion website www.wiley.com/go/solomon/fundamentals containing a Matlab fast-start primer, further exercises, examples, instructor resources and accessibility to all files corresponding to the examples and exercises within the book itself. Includes numerous examples, graded exercises and computer experiments to support both students and instructors alike.
This book was first published in 2004. In many applications, images, such as ultrasonic or X-ray signals, are recorded and then analyzed with digital or optical processors in order to extract information. Such processing requires the development of algorithms of great precision and sophistication. This book presents a unified treatment of the mathematical methods that underpin the various algorithms used in remote image formation. The author begins with a review of transform and filter theory. He then discusses two- and three-dimensional Fourier transform theory, the ambiguity function, image construction and reconstruction, tomography, baseband surveillance systems, and passive systems (where the signal source might be an earthquake or a galaxy). Information-theoretic methods in image formation are also covered, as are phase errors and phase noise. Throughout the book, practical applications illustrate theoretical concepts, and there are many homework problems. The book is aimed at graduate students of electrical engineering and computer science, and practitioners in industry.
The process by which an image is formed, processed, and displayed can be conceptualized as a chain of physical events called the imaging chain. By mathematically modeling the imaging chain, we can gain insight into the relationship between the camera design parameters and the resulting image quality. The mathematical models can also be used to optimize and assess the design of a camera for specific applications before expenditures are committed to building hardware. Modeling the Imaging Chain of Digital Cameras teaches the key elements of the end-to-end imaging chain for digital camera systems and describes how elements of the imaging chain are mathematically modeled using the basics of linear systems mathematics and Fourier transforms. The emphasis is on general digital cameras designed to image incoherent light in the visible imaging spectrum. The reader will learn how digital camera design parameters are related to the elements of the imaging chain and how they influence the resulting image quality. The book also discusses the use of imaging chain models to simulate images from different digital camera designs for image quality evaluations.
This authoritative text (the second part of a complete MSc course) provides mathematical methods required to describe images, image formation and different imaging systems, coupled with the principle techniques used for processing digital images. It is based on a course for postgraduates reading physics, electronic engineering, telecommunications engineering, information technology and computer science. This book relates the methods of processing and interpreting digital images to the 'physics' of imaging systems. Case studies reinforce the methods discussed, with examples of current research themes. - Provides mathematical methods required to describe images, image formation and different imaging systems - Outlines the principle techniques used for processing digital images - Relates the methods of processing and interpreting digital images to the 'physics' of imaging systems
Comprehensive medical imaging physics notes aimed at those sitting the first FRCR physics exam in the UK and covering the scope of the Royal College of Radiologists syllabus. Written by Radiologists, the notes are concise and clearly organised with 100's of beautiful diagrams to aid understanding. The notes cover all of radiology physics, including basic science, x-ray imaging, CT, ultrasound, MRI, molecular imaging, and radiation dosimetry, protection and legislation. Although aimed at UK radiology trainees, it is also suitable for international residents taking similar examinations, postgraduate medical physics students and radiographers. The notes provide an excellent overview for anyone interested in the physics of radiology or just refreshing their knowledge. This third edition includes updates to reflect new legislation and many new illustrations, added sections, and removal of content no longer relevent to the FRCR physics exam. This edition has gone through strict critique and evaluation by physicists and other specialists to provide an accurate, understandable and up-to-date resource. The book summarises and pulls together content from the FRCR Physics Notes at Radiology Cafe and delivers it as a paperback or eBook for you to keep and read anytime. There are 7 main chapters, which are further subdivided into 60 sub-chapters so topics are easy to find. There is a comprehensive appendix and index at the back of the book.
Across three volumes, the Handbook of Image Processing and Computer Vision presents a comprehensive review of the full range of topics that comprise the field of computer vision, from the acquisition of signals and formation of images, to learning techniques for scene understanding. The authoritative insights presented within cover all aspects of the sensory subsystem required by an intelligent system to perceive the environment and act autonomously. Volume 1 (From Energy to Image) examines the formation, properties, and enhancement of a digital image. Topics and features: • Describes the fundamental processes in the field of artificial vision that enable the formation of digital images from light energy • Covers light propagation, color perception, optical systems, and the analog-to-digital conversion of the signal • Discusses the information recorded in a digital image, and the image processing algorithms that can improve the visual qualities of the image • Reviews boundary extraction algorithms, key linear and geometric transformations, and techniques for image restoration • Presents a selection of different image segmentation algorithms, and of widely-used algorithms for the automatic detection of points of interest • Examines important algorithms for object recognition, texture analysis, 3D reconstruction, motion analysis, and camera calibration • Provides an introduction to four significant types of neural network, namely RBF, SOM, Hopfield, and deep neural networks This all-encompassing survey offers a complete reference for all students, researchers, and practitioners involved in developing intelligent machine vision systems. The work is also an invaluable resource for professionals within the IT/software and electronics industries involved in machine vision, imaging, and artificial intelligence. Dr. Cosimo Distante is a Research Scientist in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition in the Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISAI) at the Italian National Research Council (CNR). Dr. Arcangelo Distante is a researcher and the former Director of the Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation (ISSIA) at the CNR. His research interests are in the fields of Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning, and Neural Computation.
Photographic imagery has come a long way from the pinhole cameras of the nineteenth century. Digital imagery, and its applications, develops in tandem with contemporary society’s sophisticated literacy of this subtle medium. This book examines the ways in which digital images have become ever more ubiquitous as legal and medical evidence, just as they have become our primary source of news and have replaced paper-based financial documentation. Crucially, the contributions also analyze the very profound problems which have arisen alongside the digital image, issues of veracity and progeny that demand systematic and detailed response: It looks real, but is it? What camera captured it? Has it been doctored or subtly altered? Attempting to provide answers to these slippery issues, the book covers how digital images are created, processed and stored before moving on to set out the latest techniques for forensically examining images, and finally addressing practical issues such as courtroom admissibility. In an environment where even novice users can alter digital media, this authoritative publication will do much so stabilize public trust in these real, yet vastly flexible, images of the world around us.