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Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Köthen, course: International Banking ans Finance, language: English, abstract: The stock exchange market is one of the key mechanisms for attracting monetary ressources for investment, economy modernisation and stimulation of the production growth in a country. At the same time the world stock exchange markets can be a source of financial instability and even of macroeconomic and social shocks. Esspecialy volatible to economic shocks are the stock exchanges of transitional economies, such as Russia, which was characterised as a one of the most risky countries in early 90 ies. The transition of Russia from a plan to a market economy has caused increasing interest to stock exchanges as an important component of the stock market. Russian economists came to conclusion that stock exchange market is the nervous terminations of economy and of all spheres of the life of society. These nervous terminations react to the depth of the processes occuring in an organism, much earlier, than the organism itself. Therefore the stock exchange market is the lead indicator of what will occur in economy. But imperfection of the Russian legislation, absence of culture of corporate management, lacks in system of disclosing information and legal base demanding completion are the basic features of the exchange stock market in Russia. The purpose of my assigment, therefore, is to analyse the current competitive position of Russia on the world stock market, to reveal problems of modern Russian stock exchanges and to find out the reasons of their occurrence. The efficiency of the stock exchange in Russia will be assessed according to the models applied in the financial literature. In order to reach this target first we have to look at the theoretical aspects of the core essence and main functions of stock exchanges.
As the new Russian state struggles with the transition to a market economy, the need for radical monetary reform becomes increasingly urgent. The choice of reform is crucial, for it will largely determine Russia's future economic performance. In order to break free of the lingering effects of Soviet central planning, the new Russian state needs a stable, convertible currency. Steve H. Hanke, Lars Jonung and Kurt Schuler propose that Russia establishes a currency board which would issue a Russian currency fully convertible with international currency, backed 100 per cent by international bonds. The international community would aid in establishing the currency board by providing the initial reserves. Early supplies of this new Russian currency would be distributed free to Russian citizens. The authors give detailed explanations of how the currency board could be established and how it would work.
In 1992 Russia unified the multiple exchange rates that had applied to international transactions. This paper describes the multiple exchange rate system that existed in Russia prior to mid-1992 and undertakes a theoretical exploration of the effects of the exchange rate unification that took place in July 1992. The model developed here allows for leakages between official and black markets and permits flexibility of the exchange rates in both official and parallel currency markets. Within this multiple exchange rate system with black market leakages, we trace the dynamic effects on official and parallel foreign exchange markets of changes in the types of policy instruments associated with Russia’s exchange rate regime reform. These instruments include adjustments of pegged interbank market exchange rates, rates of foreign exchange surrender taxation, and rates of taxation of capital account transactions.
The Bank of Russia on 11 December 2015 decided to keep the base interest rate unchanged at 11%, thus indicating that the bank will not move forward with easing monetary policy. Russia's Central Bank on 14 December resumed 12-month foreign exchange repo auctions with a view to pushing down demand for foreign currency. Thus, the Bank of Russia aims to avoid turbulence in Russia's financial markets, which may occur in response to a new downturn of oil prices amid raised Fed target rates.
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This paper examines the evolution of the exchange rate of the ruble vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar from exchange rate unification, in July 1992, to the end of 1993. The expected and actual paths of the exchange rate are related to the exchange and trade regime and to the stance of financial and exchange rate policies. An econometric analysis based on weekly data is offered, which suggests that monetary factors have a significant impact on the short run behavior of the exchange rate.
Over the period March 2015 - February 2016, the growth rate of prices declined to 8.1%, while the corresponding index for February 2015 - January 2016 amounted to 9.8%. As demonstrated by the results of a survey published by the Bank of Russia, in February the median inflation expectation index for the next year also declined by 1.0 p.p. to 15.7%. As shown by the year-end results for 2014-2015, the plunge of the nominal effective exchange rate of Russia's national currency was much more dramatic than the downward movement of the national currencies of the other countries - exporters of raw materials, although their terms of trade were also deteriorating at a comparable rate.