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This book brings together the work of international economist, labour economists and sociologists in a far-reaching study of global production networks and the challenges they pose for developing country workers. A number of both empirical and theoretical questions are addressed and answers are provided by drawing on a variety of examples - from China to Mexico to South Africa to Eastern Europe. The studies show that globalized production creates a new set of challenges to economic development for entrepreneurs, workers, governments and international organizations.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an integral part of an open and effective international economic system and can provide a major catalyst to development. However, the benefits of FDI do not accrue automatically and evenly across countries, sectors and local communities. This publication looks at the impact of FDI on development issues and considers the policies required to maximise its benefits for developing countries. Aspects discussed include: the macroeconomic benefits for host countries; recent FDI trends; its impact on growth; foreign trade linkages; technology transfer; human capital enhancement; market structures and competition; social and environmental consequences; and country experiences in realising the benefits of FDI.
The impact of host country institutions and policy on innovation by multinational firms in emerging economies. In the past, multinational firms have looked to developing countries as sources of raw materials, markets, or production efficiencies, but rarely as locations for innovation. Today, however, R&D facilities and other indicators of multinational-linked innovation are becoming more common in emerging economies. In this book, Patrick Egan investigates patterns of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries, considering the impact of host country institutions and policy on the innovative activities undertaken by multinational firms. He examines the uneven spread of innovation-intensive foreign direct investment and emerging sectoral distributions, then develops a number of arguments about the determinants of multinational innovation in developing countries. Firms are attracted by a country's supply of skilled labor and are often eager to innovate close to new markets; but, Egan finds, host country institutions and the configuration of the host country's investment policies have a strong impact on firm decisions and evolving country investment profiles. Egan uses econometric analysis to identify determinants of multinational innovation, and examines differences among state institutions as a key variable. He then offers a detailed case study, assessing Ireland's attempts to use foreign direct investment in innovation as a catalyst for development. While FDI is a potential vehicle for industrial upgrading, Egan cautions, it is neither necessary nor sufficient for development. Furthermore, innovation-intensive investments are not likely to develop linkages with local actors or otherwise embed themselves in host economies in the absence of active, discriminating policies channeled through coherent and coordinated institutions.
In this cutting-edge analysis of foreign direct investment (FDI), Moran--one of the acknowledged experts in this area--questions traditional econometric measures of foreign direct investment flows, identifies flaws in past research, elaborates on how the latest research has moved More ... into new territory, and provides a first look at what new research has uncovered. Moran concentrates on FDI in the manufacturing and assembly sector, and discusses if FDI in manufacturing raises the productivity of host country economic activities, if FDI makes the host more competitive in new sectors, and generates externalities that benefit local firms and workers. He provides important new data on the kinds of activities, types of jobs, and level of wages associated with multinational manufacturing investment. This volume dissects the market failures associated with the contemporary idea of development as selfdiscovery, and addresses the tricky question of whether to provide incentives for FDI. In addition, he provides a novel reassessment of the debate about FDI crowding-out or crowding-in domestic investment. This book provides insight and lessons for developing and developed countries, NGOs, the corporate responsibility community, and multilateral lending institutions