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Our goal for this book is to provide users with an overview of simulation modeling generally, the LANDIS model specifically, and to provide concrete examples of how to use a forest landscape simulation model for research or planning purposes. Hence this book has multiple purposes: First, we provide a general introduction to using sophisticated simulation models to project changes across forested landscapes. Second, we give an overview of the LANDIS-II landscape simulation model, a widely used forest landscape change model. Finally, we provide exercises so the user can gain familiarity with a forest landscape simulation model - specifically LANDIS-II.
Our ultimate goal is to provide users with an overview of simulation modeling and provide concrete examples of how to use a forest landscape simulation model for research or planning purposes. Hence this book has multiple purposes: First, we provide a general introduction to using sophisticated simulation models to project changes across forested landscapes. Second, we give an overview of the LANDIS-II landscape simulation model, a widely used forest landscape change model. Finally, we provide exercises so the user can gain familiarity with a forest landscape simulation model - specifically LANDIS-II.
Our goal is to provide users with an overview of forest landscape simulation modeling and provide concrete examples of how to use a forest landscape simulation model - specifically LANDIS-II - for research or planning purposes. First, we provide a general introduction to using sophisticated simulation models to project changes across forested landscapes. Second, we give an overview of the LANDIS-II landscape simulation model, a widely used forest landscape change model. Finally, we provide exercises so the user can gain familiarity with a forest landscape simulation model - specifically LANDIS-II. We begin with a broad overview of simulation modeling. We briefly touch on topics common to all forest simulation models: scale, level of detail, parameterization, calibration, validation, and replication.Next, we provide a comprehensive outline of the characteristics of LANDIS-II that distinguish it from other models. We then describe the data needed to parameterize the model and outline various sources from which to gather the data. A description of the various succession extensions available for LANDIS-II is provided, along with an explanation of how one might calibrate the model and then validate the results. Next, we briefly describe a subset of the disturbance extensions available and outline procedures for their calibration and validation. We conclude with a discussion of how LANDIS simulates the effects of climate change on forest succession and disturbance. The book concludes with a compilation of several exercises designed for the user to gain familiarity with modeling forested landscapes and with using LANDIS-II. The first exercises (chapter 6-8) familiarize the user with running the model (necessary for all subsequent exercises. Subsequent exercises help users become familiar with the simulation of critical ecological processes: succession (chapters 9 and 10) and disturbances (chapters 11-12). Also included is an exercise to learn how to develop forest management scenarios (chapter 13). The final exercise (chapter 14) is designed to help the user synthesize multiple processes to answer more integrated questions about how to manage forests in the face of climate change and disturbance. Together, these exercises will guide the user through the mechanics of running the model and help them discern which extensions are appropriate for their specific research, planning, or scenario application.This book is not a substitute for reading the many LANDIS-II User Guides or the peer-reviewed literature associated with each. If, at the end of the book, you are inspired to apply LANDIS-II, please visit www.landis-ii.org and explore the many resources provided there.
This book covers forest mensuration--the process of counting, measuring, and estimating the economic value of a stand of trees. This process also involves measuring non-timber, landscape values such as soils, wildlife habitat, and hydrology.
Forest Health: An Integrated Perspective is the first book to define an ecologically rational, conceptual framework that unifies and integrates the many sub-disciplines that comprise the science of forest health and protection. This new global approach applies to boreal, temperate, tropical, natural, managed, even-aged, uneven-aged and urban forests, as well as plantations. Readers of the text can use real datasets to assess the sustainability of four forests around the world. Datasets for the case studies are at www.cambridge.org/9780521766692, and the text provides stepwise instructions for performing the calculations in Microsoft Excel. Readers can follow along as the editors perform the same calculations and interpret the results. Elevating forest health from a fuzzy concept to an ecologically sound paradigm, this is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students and professionals interested in forest health, protection, entomology, pathology and ecology.
Forest mensuration – the science of measurement applied to forest vegetation and forest products – holds value for basic ecology as well as sustainable forest management. As demands on the world’s forests have grown, scientists and professionals are increasingly called on to quantify forest composition, structure, and the goods and services forests provide. Grounded in geometry, sampling theory, and ecology as well as practical field experience, forest mensuration offers opportunities for creative problem solving and critical thinking. This fifth edition of the classic volume, Forest Mensuration, includes coverage of traditional and emerging topics, with attention to SI and Imperial units throughout. The book has been reorganised from the fourth edition to better integrate non-timber and ecological aspects of forest mensuration at the tree, stand, forest, and landscape scales throughout. The new edition includes new chapters that specifically address the integration of remotely sensed data in the forest inventory process, and inventory methods for dead and downed wood. One unifying theme, not only for traditional forestry but for the non-timber inventory and for remote sensing, is the use of covariates to make sampling more efficient and spatially explicit. This is introduced in the introductory chapter on statistics and the chapter on sampling designs has been restructured to highlight this approach and lay the foundation for further learning. New examples will be developed throughout the textbook with an emphasis on current issues and international practice. Students in applied forestry programs will find ample coverage of forest products and timber inventory, while expanded material on biodiversity, biomass and carbon inventory, downed dead wood, and the growing role of remote sensing in forest assessment will be valuable to a broader audience in applied ecology.
The federal role in the management of nonfederal U.S. forests was once relatively simple: to assist in the prevention and control of wildfires. The administrative structure to carry out this role was similarly uncomplicated, with most programs under the aegis of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. In recent years, however, both the management and administrative landscapes have changed dramatically. Responsibility for the federal role in nonfederal forests has been expanded to include a number of cabinet departments and independent agencies, which must address critical issues such as reforestation, wetlands disruption, and biodiversity protection. With two-thirds of all U.S. forests on nonfederal lands, these issues are becoming increasingly more important. Now, a first-of-its-kind examination of the federal role in nonfederal forest management, Forested Landscapes in Perspective presents a comprehensive look at the current landscape and recommends improvements that best serve public and private interests. This timely volume includes an insightful description of the current situation and recent trends, followed by a thorough examination of major policy and program issues affecting nonfederal forests. Among these are emerging environmental concerns such as forest fragmentation and large-scale climate change, as well as issues of economic importance, such as the availability of timber supplies.
Predictions about where different species are, where they are not, and how they move across a landscape or respond to human activities -- if timber is harvested, for instance, or stream flow altered -- are important aspects of the work of wildlife biologists, land managers, and the agencies and policymakers that govern natural resources. Despite the increased use and importance of model predictions, these predictions are seldom tested and have unknown levels of accuracy.Predicting Species Occurrences addresses those concerns, highlighting for managers and researchers the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches, as well as the magnitude of the research required to improve or test predictions of currently used models. The book is an outgrowth of an international symposium held in October 1999 that brought together scientists and researchers at the forefront of efforts to process information about species at different spatial and temporal scales. It is a comprehensive reference that offers an exhaustive treatment of the subject, with 65 chapters by leading experts from around the world that: review the history of the theory and practice of modeling and present a standard terminology examine temporal and spatial scales in terms of their influence on patterns and processes of species distribution offer detailed discussions of state-of-the-art modeling tools and descriptions of methods for assessing model accuracy discuss how to predict species presence and abundance present examples of how spatially explicit data on demographics can provide important information for managers An introductory chapter by Michael A. Huston examines the ecological context in which predictions of species occurrences are made, and a concluding chapter by John A. Wiens offers an insightful review and synthesis of the topics examined along with guidance for future directions and cautions regarding misuse of models. Other contributors include Michael P. Austin, Barry R. Noon, Alan H. Fielding, Michael Goodchild, Brian A. Maurer, John T. Rotenberry, Paul Angermeier, Pierre R. Vernier, and more than a hundred others.Predicting Species Occurrences offers important new information about many of the topics raised in the seminal volume Wildlife 2000 (University of Wisconsin Press, 1986) and will be the standard reference on this subject for years to come. Its state-of-the-art assessment will play a key role in guiding the continued development and application of tools for making accurate predictions and is an indispensable volume for anyone engaged in species management or conservation.
Timber measurement techniques applicable to any tree inventory project regardless of management objectives are covered by this text. Thorough coverage of sampling designs, land measurements, tree measurements, forest inventory field methods, and growth projections ensures utility for all foresters. Included are chapters on aerial photographs, GIS, and using similar techniques to measure other natural resources such as rangelands, wildlife, and water.
Maintaining forest biodiversity by combining protection, management and restoration of forest and woodland landscapes is a central component of sustainable development. Evidence that there are threshold levels for how much habitat loss may be tolerated for viable populations of specialised species to be maintained. Policy-makers, businesses and managers pose questions about how to balance use of renewable forest resources and conserve biodiversity. Examples are presented on how biodiversity assessments can be made. Proposes how the critical gaps in our knowledge identified throughout the book could be filled through macroecological research and international co-operation.